战略与国际研究中心-Kazakhstan-s-OSCE-Chairmanship-2010_42页_771kb

Summary of Kazakhstan's OSCE Chairmanship 2010 Interim Report

Core Content

This report provides an interim assessment of Kazakhstan's OSCE chairmanship in 2010, focusing on its priorities, actions, and challenges in the areas of security, economic and environmental, and human dimensions. It also evaluates the effectiveness of the OSCE in addressing key issues and outlines the future direction of the organization.

Main Views and Key Information

1. Security Dimension

• Main Challenges: The OSCE's primary security challenges have shifted to the former Soviet republics, particularly the Caucasus and Central Asia. Conflicts such as those in Nagorno-Karabakh, Transnistria, and South Ossetia remain unresolved.
• CFE Treaty: The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE), originally signed in 1990, has not entered into force due to unresolved issues, including Russia's military presence in Georgia and Moldova. The Adapted CFE (ACFE) Treaty was signed in 1999 but lacks full ratification.
• Vienna Document 1999: The Vienna Document 1999 is an important political tool for enhancing military transparency and predictability. It requires revision to address new security realities, including the inclusion of naval forces and the reduction of notification thresholds.
• Confidence and Security Building Measures (CSBMs): Kazakhstan emphasized the need to strengthen CSBMs, particularly in the context of the protracted conflicts. The OSCE has struggled with crisis prevention and response, as seen in the Kyrgyzstan unrest in 2010.
• Russo-Georgia War (2008): The war highlighted the OSCE's inability to prevent or manage conflicts, especially when Russia violated its security commitments by occupying Abkhazia and South Ossetia.

2. Economic and Environmental Dimension

• Economic Forum: The 2010 Economic and Environmental Forum focused on improving governance at border crossings, enhancing the security of land transportation, and facilitating international trade through road and rail.
• Eurasian Integration: Kazakhstan promoted a single document reflecting the main principles of Eurasian integration, aiming to align economic and environmental policies across the region.
• Customs and Border Integrity: Strengthening customs and border services was seen as a means to prevent illegal trafficking and improve regional economic development.

3. Human Dimension

• Election Monitoring: The OSCE, through ODIHR, monitored elections in Ukraine, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan. While Ukraine's elections were relatively free, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan faced transparency and accountability issues.
• Kyrgyzstan Crisis: The OSCE supported the use of democratic principles in resolving the Kyrgyzstan conflict, including a referendum and parliamentary elections. The organization played a role in promoting stability and democratic development.
• ODIHR Support: Kazakhstan supported the ODIHR's role in promoting human rights and democratic governance, despite domestic criticisms of its own practices.

4. Major Challenges Ahead

• CFE Treaty: The OSCE needs to address the unresolved issues surrounding the CFE Treaty, including Russia's compliance with its commitments and the need for a revised treaty.
• Crisis Prevention: The OSCE must develop a comprehensive strategy for crisis prevention and management, especially in regions like Central Asia and the Caucasus.
• Political Instability: The organization needs to focus on long-term stability in Kyrgyzstan and the broader region.
• Summit Participation: The OSCE summit in Astana in December 2010 was a significant event, with the potential to guide future security discussions and policy reforms.

About the Project and Editor

• Project: The report is a joint effort by the U.S.-Kazakhstan OSCE Task Force, focusing on the interim assessment of Kazakhstan's chairmanship.
• Editor: Janusz Bugajski, a well-known expert on Central Asia and Eurasian security, edited the report.
• CSIS: The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a leading public policy institution in Washington, D.C., with a strong focus on strategic analysis and policy development.
• IND: The Institute for New Democracies (IND) is a nonpartisan organization that supports democratic reforms and good governance in countries undergoing political transformation.

Conclusion

Kazakhstan's OSCE chairmanship in 2010 marked a historic moment for the organization and the region. While the country aimed to strengthen its role in European and Eurasian security, it also faced criticism regarding its domestic governance and human rights practices. The report outlines the key priorities, actions, and challenges of the chairmanship, emphasizing the need for the OSCE to enhance its effectiveness in crisis management, security architecture, and democratic development.