2015年-世界发展银行全球_Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam_Study_on_e‐ID_Infrastructure_to_Improve_Public_Services_Delivery___Electronic_Identification_PPP_Report_77页_936kb

Summary of the Study on e-ID Infrastructure to Improve Public Services Delivery in Vietnam

Core Content

This report, titled "Study on e-ID Infrastructure to Improve Public Services Delivery", provides an assessment of the feasibility of implementing a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model for the deployment of an Electronic Identification (eID) system in Vietnam. The study is part of the World Bank and the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF) initiative to support the Government of Vietnam (GoV) in designing and executing a national eID infrastructure.

Main Purpose

The primary objective of the report is to evaluate the potential for PPP arrangements in delivering eID and related authentication services as part of the National Identification (NID) Project. It outlines the technical, legal, and institutional context for eID services in Vietnam and provides recommendations based on international best practices and lessons learned.

Key Findings and Recommendations

4.1 Current Technical Context

• The current identity system in Vietnam is based on paper-based People's Identity Cards (ID cards) issued by the Ministry of Public Security (MPS).
• These ID cards are used by service providers to establish and authenticate identity, but they lack a national-level deduplication process.
• As a result, multiple identity cards and numbers can be issued to the same individual, leading to identity fraud, misuse, and inefficiencies in service delivery.
• The identity creation and authentication processes are fragmented across different public and private service agencies, resulting in high costs, inconvenience for citizens, and lack of interoperability.

4.2 Need for eID Services

• A reliable eID system is essential for improving the delivery of public services and social benefits.
• The proposed eID system will allow for online electronic identification and authentication, enabling citizens to access services through a single electronic identity.
• The NID Project aims to assign unique national identification numbers to over 62 million Vietnamese citizens by 2020.
• The GoV is also planning to develop the National eAuthentication Framework (NAF), which will support the use of eID for service delivery.

4.3 Proposed eID Service Delivery Framework

• The report recommends the establishment of the Electronic Identity Service Delivery Framework (EISDF) to support the implementation of a national-level eID system.
• The EISDF will be designed to ensure a secure, efficient, and interoperable eID infrastructure.

PPP Considerations

5. Defining Public-Private Partnership

• PPPs are defined as collaborative arrangements between the public and private sectors to deliver services or infrastructure.
• The PPP model is considered attractive for eID projects due to the complexity and capital intensity of the required systems.

6. Legal and Regulatory Framework

• Vietnam's legal framework for PPPs is based on Decree 108/2009 and Decision 71/2010.
• There are some ambiguities in the legal powers and responsibilities of stakeholder organizations, but precedents exist for addressing them.
• The report recommends strengthening institutional capacity for PPP procedures, including the drafting of detailed Implementation Agreements (IA).

8. PPP Models and International Lessons

• The report identifies four PPP structuring options based on the number of private providers and service purchasers.
• A single private provider is recommended to avoid interoperability issues and sector fragmentation.
• Key lessons from international experiences include:
  • Risk-sharing: Governments should structure fixed "availability payments" to manage demand risks.
  • Education and awareness: Governments must support the setup and use of the National Identity Number (NIN) database.
  • Clear performance standards: Comprehensive and unambiguous standards are necessary for new technologies.
  • Data security: Strong security measures and regular audits should be included in PPP contracts to protect citizen data.

Business Case and Implementation

9. PPP Options and Recommended Structure

• The BOO (Build Own Operate) model is proposed as the preferred PPP structure for the eID system.
• A risk-allocation matrix should be developed to ensure that technical, commercial, and performance risks are effectively managed.

10. PPP Business Case

• The eID system will provide value-added services to public and private sectors, including electronic authentication and verification.
• It will enable economic and social benefits such as increased productivity, reduced costs, and enhanced access to digital services.
• The private sector's involvement is critical for ensuring financial viability and sustainability of the project.

11. Annex: Terms of Reference for PPP Transaction Advisors

• A draft terms of reference is provided for hiring qualified PPP transaction advisors.
• These advisors will assist in finalizing the project design, preparing tender documents, and negotiating the PPP contract.

Conclusion

The report concludes that a PPP model for the eID system is not only feasible but also beneficial for the GoV. It allows the government to transfer key risks to a qualified private partner, ensuring effective and efficient service delivery. The next step is to engage qualified PPP advisors to finalize the project design and contract structure.