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Summary of Special Eurobarometer 554: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work (April - May 2024)

Core Content

This Special Eurobarometer survey explores European citizens' perceptions and attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) and the impact of digital technologies on work, the economy, society, and quality of life. The survey was conducted across 27 EU Member States, involving 26,415 respondents, and provides insights into how people view the role of AI in the workplace and the broader implications of digitalisation.

Main Findings

General Perceptions of Digital Technologies

• Positive Impact: At least half of Europeans believe the most recent digital technologies, including AI, have a positive impact on each of the areas tested.

  • Current Employment: 66% of employed respondents think these technologies have a positive impact on their job.
  • Economy: 62% of all respondents believe they have a positive impact on the economy.
  • Society: 56% of respondents think they have a positive impact on society.
  • Quality of Life: 62% of respondents consider them to have a positive impact on their quality of life.
  • Social Security Benefits: 62% of respondents believe they have a positive impact on social security benefits.

• Decline in Positive Views: Since March 2017, positive perceptions have declined in the economy (-13 pp), society (-8 pp), and quality of life (-5 pp).

• Demographic Trends: Younger respondents, those with higher education, better financial situations, and current employment tend to have more positive views.

Proficiency with Digital Technologies

• Digital Skills: Around 70% of respondents consider themselves sufficiently skilled to use digital technologies in daily life and work.

• Learning Opportunities: 71% believe they are skilled enough to benefit from digital and online learning.

• Employment Awareness: 75% of employed respondents feel their digital skills are sufficient for their current job.

• Future Readiness: 72% of non-retired respondents believe they have the skills to perform a future job or change jobs within 12 months.

• Country Variations: Respondents in Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, and Sweden are the most confident in their digital skills, while those in Greece, Hungary, Italy, Portugal, and Romania are less so.

Attitudes Towards AI in the Workplace

• Positive Perception: 62% of respondents positively perceive the use of robots and AI in the workplace, up 1 percentage point from 2017.
• Negative Perception: 32% have a negative view, up 2 percentage points since 2017.
• Country Differences: In Denmark, 86% view AI positively, while in Portugal and Greece, only 48% do.
• Concerns: 66% believe AI leads to job displacement, and 61% think it negatively affects communication between colleagues.

Perceived Impact of AI on Specific Activities

• Task Completion: 73% think AI increases the pace of task completion.
• Boring Tasks: 66% believe AI is necessary for performing boring or repetitive jobs.
• Decision-Making: 53% think AI can make accurate decisions in the workplace.
• Negative Activities: 78% are concerned about AI being used to automatically fire workers, 63% about monitoring, 57% about performance assessment, 57% about applicant selection, 50% about gathering applicant data, and 49% about collecting, processing, and storing personal data.

Awareness and Experience with Digital Technologies

• Employer Use Awareness: 62% of employed respondents are aware of their employer's use of digital technologies to manage activities.
• Technology Use in Workplaces: 24% of employed respondents report that AI is used to monitor workers, 22% for task allocation, and 21% for performance assessment. 18% say AI is used for hiring.
• Sector and Size Variations: The use of AI is more common in logistics and in establishments with at least ten employees.
• Information from Employers: Only 49% of employed respondents say their employer informed them about the use of digital technologies, while 53% of employers and managers say they have informed their employees.

Rules and Regulation on Digital Technologies

• Importance of Rules: Over 80% believe protecting workers' privacy is important, and 77% think involving workers in technology design is important.
• Transparency and Accountability: 75% support more transparency in HR decisions, 74% want to prohibit fully automated decision-making, and 72% want to limit automated employee monitoring.

Key Information

• Digital Skills Gap: 45% of Europeans lack even basic digital skills.
• EU27 Weighted Average: The survey uses a weighted average to represent the entire EU.
• Platform Work Directive: The European Commission has proposed regulations to address algorithmic management, including greater transparency, fairness, and accountability.
• Comparative Analysis: The survey compares results with those from March 2017 and December 2019, highlighting trends in public perception.

Conclusion

While the majority of Europeans still view digital technologies and AI positively, there is growing concern about their impact on employment and communication. The need for careful management and regulation is widely acknowledged, with a strong emphasis on protecting workers' rights, privacy, and ensuring transparency. There is also a clear recognition of the importance of digital skills for both current and future employment, though disparities exist across countries and demographics. The report underscores the importance of addressing these challenges through policy and education.