Aaseo-2019年美国能源与就业报告（英文）-2019.3-177页_7mb

2019 U.S. Energy & Employment Report Summary

Core Content

The 2019 U.S. Energy and Employment Report (USEER) is a joint project of the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) and the National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO). It provides detailed data on employment trends across five key sectors of the U.S. energy industry: Fuels, Electric Power Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and Storage (TDS), Energy Efficiency, and Motor Vehicles (including component parts). The report is based on employer data collected in the fourth quarter of 2018 and includes year-to-year comparisons with the 2017 report, as well as demographic and hiring difficulty information.

Main Sectors and Employment Trends

Fuels Sector

• Employed 1,127,600 people in 2018, representing a 4.8% increase.
• Petroleum fuels added the most jobs (33,500 or 5.9% increase).
• Natural gas extraction saw a 6.8% increase, adding 17,000 jobs.
• Coal mining and fuels production gained 650 jobs or 0.9%.
• Woody biomass added over 1,700 jobs or 5.5%.

Electric Power Generation Sector

• Employed 875,600 people, a 1% decline from the previous year.
• Solar energy firms employed 242,000 people, with 93,000 working on solar-related tasks.
• Solar employment decreased by 3.2%, or more than 8,000 jobs.
• Wind energy firms added 111,000 workers, a 3.5% increase.
• Natural gas generated the most electricity in the U.S., with 113,000 jobs, a 4.9% increase.
• Advanced/low emissions natural gas, wind, and CHP saw the fastest employment growth (7.0%, 3.5%, and 7.4%, respectively).
• Coal-fired generation employment declined by 7.2%, or over 6,600 jobs.

Transmission, Distribution, and Storage (TDS) Sector

• Employed over 2.3 million people, with over 1 million in retail trade (gasoline stations and fuel dealers).
• Excluding retail trade, the sector added 33,000 jobs or 2.6%.
• Utilities and construction were the top-growing industries, adding over 30,000 jobs.
• Battery storage saw an 18% increase, adding 9,500 jobs.
• 48% of TDS employers reported that a majority of their revenue comes from grid modernization or utility-funded projects, up from 38% in 2017.

Energy Efficiency Sector

• Employed 2.35 million people in 2018, adding 76,000 net jobs or 3.4%.
• Construction accounted for 1.3 million jobs, a 1.6% increase.
• 79% of Energy Efficiency workers in construction reported spending at least half their time on Energy Efficiency-related work.
• Professional services added 35,000 jobs (7.7% increase).
• Wholesale trade also expanded by 7.7%, adding 13,000 jobs.
• Manufacturing of Energy Efficiency products increased by 2%, or 6,000 jobs.

Motor Vehicles Sector

• Employed over 2.53 million workers, excluding dealerships and retailers.
• Added 74,000 jobs or 3% increase in 2018.
• Alternative fuel vehicles (natural gas, hybrids, plug-in hybrids, all-electric, fuel cell/hydrogen) employed 254,000 people, an increase of nearly 34,000.
• Hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and all-electric vehicles accounted for over 90% of these jobs, supporting 231,000 employees.
• Hydrogen/fuel cell jobs declined, while other alternative technologies increased.
• 486,000 employees in Motor Vehicle component parts companies work on fuel-efficient vehicles, an increase of 10,000 from 2017.
• 22% of component parts firms derive all revenue from fuel economy-enhancing products, a slight decrease from 2017.

Key Findings

• The Traditional Energy (Fuels, Electric Power Generation, and TDS) and Energy Efficiency sectors combined employed 6.7 million Americans, or 4.6% of the U.S. workforce.
• Total employment in these sectors increased by 2.3% in 2018, adding 151,700 net new jobs.
• Solar, nuclear, and coal saw job losses, but were partially offset by gains in natural gas, wind, and CHP.
• Battery storage emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments in the TDS sector.
• Energy Efficiency continues to expand, with construction and professional services leading the growth.
• Alternative fuel vehicles are gaining traction, particularly hybrids, plug-in hybrids, and all-electric.

Cross-Cutting Analyses

The report includes five cross-cutting analyses that examine the interrelations of jobs across the entire value chain of the natural gas, petroleum, coal, and nuclear industries. These analyses integrate data from the Fuels, Electric Power Generation, and TDS chapters to provide a more comprehensive view of employment dynamics.

• Natural Gas Industry employs 625,369 people.

  • Utilities: 176,167
  • Mining and extraction: 162,928
  • Construction: 113,339

• Coal Industry employs 197,418 people.

  • Mining and extraction: 55,905
  • Utilities: 45,795
  • Wholesale trade: 43,327

• Petroleum Industry employs 799,531 people.

  • Mining and extraction: 308,681
  • Wholesale trade and distribution: 170,945
  • Manufacturing: 155,267

• Nuclear Industry employs 72,146 people.

  • Utilities: 46,809
  • Professional services: 14,374
  • Manufacturing: 4,913

Key Information

• The report uses a consistent survey instrument developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and approved by the OMB.
• It includes detailed data for 53 energy technologies across the five sectors, divided into seven industrial classifications.
• The USEER database allows for year-to-year comparisons at the state and county levels.
• Demographics and hiring difficulty are analyzed by industry and technology.
• Heat maps show the geographic distribution of jobs in the natural gas, coal, petroleum, nuclear, and storage sectors.
• The report is supported by state governments, foundations, and organizations, including the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation and Energy Futures Initiative.

Contact Information

For report inquiries or additional analysis, contact:

• David Ellis, Director, Communications and Policy Strategy, Energy Futures Initiative
  Email: Ddellis@energyfuturesinitiative.org
  Phone: 202-770-8804 (Cell), 202-688-0042 (Office)

• Sandy Fazeli, Managing Director, National Association of State Energy Officials (NASEO)
  Email: sfazeli@naseo.org
  Phone: 703-299-8800 x 117

Conclusion

The 2019 USEER highlights the growth and transformation of the U.S. energy economy. It emphasizes the importance of workforce planning, policy development, and industry collaboration to adapt to the evolving energy landscape. The report serves as a key resource for policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders to make informed decisions about the future of energy and employment in the U.S.