2007年-世界发展银行全球_A_Strategy_for_Coal_Bed_Methane_and_Coal_Mine_Methane_Development_and_Utilization_in_China_146页_1mb

Summary of "A Strategy for Coal Bed Methane (CBM) and Coal Mine Methane (CMM) Development and Utilization in China"

Core Content

This report outlines a strategy for the development and utilization of Coal Bed Methane (CBM) and Coal Mine Methane (CMM) in China. It is part of the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP), a global initiative aimed at promoting energy-related development and environmental sustainability.

Main Purpose

• To improve understanding of the status of CBM/CMM investment and development in China.
• To identify institutional, policy, and technical barriers to their development.
• To suggest actions the government needs to take to significantly scale up CBM/CMM utilization.
• To provide a strategic framework for managing methane emissions and improving coal mine safety.

Key Areas Covered

1. Resources and Emissions

   • China has substantial CBM and CMM resources.
   • CMM is a major contributor to China's anthropogenic methane emissions, accounting for over a third.
   • Methane emissions from coal mining are expected to rise significantly by 2020 due to increased coal production.

2. Current Status and Utilization

   • In 2004, China released an estimated 18 Bm³ of CH₄, equivalent to 271 Mt CO₂.
   • Only about 10% of the total CH₄ released from coal mines was captured, and only 4.3% was utilized.
   • Utilization of CMM is not increasing at the same rate as its extraction.
   • Most CMM is of low quality and is vented, while some is flared.

3. Administrative, Regulatory and Policy Framework

   • The legal and administrative framework for CBM and CMM is in place but lacks specific and effective policies.
   • The government has not yet introduced specific policy measures or institutional changes to achieve desired outcomes.
   • Financial and fiscal incentives for CBM/CMM are available but not fully effective.

4. Barriers to Development and Scale-up

   • Regulatory, financial, health, safety, environmental, market, and technological barriers hinder the development of CMM utilization schemes.
   • The lack of a reliable sector-wide inventory of CMM emissions is a major issue.
   • Government rules restrict the effectiveness of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) by not allowing revenue-sharing or foreign majority ownership in joint ventures.

5. Comparative Experiences of Other Countries

   • The U.S. is the world's largest producer of CBM, with a mature gas market, favorable geology, and strong demand.
   • Other countries like Australia and Canada show potential for growth but are limited by similar barriers.
   • The U.S. has achieved higher capture and utilization efficiencies, which China could learn from.

6. Recommendations and Conclusions

   • The government needs to improve the administrative framework for CBM resource management.
   • More effective incentives for CBM/CMM development should be introduced.
   • Technical capacity in the mining sector needs to be enhanced.
   • Gas pipeline infrastructure should be expanded.
   • Promote gas markets in coal mining areas.
   • Strengthen the CDM process by allowing revenue-sharing and participation of foreign joint ventures.
   • Improve capture and utilization of CMM to meet ambitious targets by 2010.

Key Information

• CBM and CMM are critical for China's energy security and environmental sustainability.
• CMM emissions are a significant contributor to China's GHG emissions and are expected to grow.
• Utilization rates of CMM remain low, with only 4.3% being used in 2004.
• Strategic goals include increasing CMM capture efficiency to 50% by 2010, extracting 10 Bm³ of CH₄, and utilizing over 5 Bm³.
• Challenges include lack of policy support, limited financial incentives, and technical barriers.
• Incentives such as preferential tax and financial policies are available but not yet fully leveraged.
• CBM is a promising alternative to conventional natural gas, but its development is limited by drilling and infrastructure challenges.
• Shanxi Province is identified as a key area for CBM production due to favorable geological conditions.

Conclusion

CBM and CMM are vital for China's energy and environmental strategies. The government's commitment is evident, but without comprehensive policy and institutional reforms, as well as technological and financial support, achieving the desired levels of methane capture and utilization will be difficult. The report emphasizes the need for coordinated efforts across multiple sectors and the importance of learning from international experiences to overcome these challenges.