世界银行-到2060年实现净零能源：描绘欧洲和中亚走向安全和可持续能源未来的道路（英）-2024-83页_5mb

The NET ZERO ENERGY BY 2060 report analyzes Europe and Central Asia's energy transition from 2023-2060, focusing on short-term energy security and long-term decarbonization. Key findings include:

• Short-Term Energy Security: The region faces volatile energy supplies, with high natural gas imports in some countries. Gas infrastructure deficits (e.g., low storage capacity) exacerbate risks. Subsidies undermine efficiency and transition efforts. Central Asia and Western Balkans are particularly vulnerable. Measures like energy-saving programs and infrastructure investments improved EU security, but prices remain high.

• Energy Transition and Net Zero 2060: By 2060, the region must phase out coal, expand renewables (solar and wind), and electrify transport and buildings. Investment needs reach $4.7 trillion, with power sector requiring $934 billion. Hydrogen and carbon capture are crucial but uncertain. Net zero targets vary by country, with nine nations already set, though progress is mixed.

• Key Findings: Coal usage declines sharply; renewables triple in electricity mix. Decarbonization offers economic and security benefits, reducing fossil fuel imports and costs. Challenges include technological uncertainties, high substitution costs, and policy barriers. Short-term crises persist, requiring swift action.

The report emphasizes that diversification and electrification are essential for long-term energy security and sustainable growth.