2010年-世界发展银行全球_Sudan_-_Strengthening_Good_Governance_for_Development_Outcomes_in_Southern_Sudan___Issues_and_Options_163页_3mb

Summary of Document: Strengthening Good Governance for Development Outcomes in Southern Sudan

Core Content

This report, authored by the World Bank and the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS), outlines the challenges and options for strengthening good governance in Southern Sudan, focusing on public service reform, decentralization, and anti-corruption measures. It is part of a joint initiative aimed at supporting informed and pragmatic policy-making to facilitate sustainable development and peace-building in the region.

Main Objectives

• To support the GoSS in transitioning from war to peace by improving governance and public service delivery.
• To identify feasible and politically viable reforms in public service management, decentralization, and anti-corruption.
• To guide the sequencing of reforms and strategic policy choices for effective implementation.
• To ensure the new governance structures are capable of delivering services and promoting accountability.

Key Issues and Options

Public Service Reform

• Background: Southern Sudan's public administration has been shaped by historical conflicts and political instability.
• Challenges:
  • Limited capacity and experience in effective service delivery.
  • High wage bill and administrative costs.
  • Balancing the need to limit public service size with social protection measures for demobilized soldiers.
  • Establishing meritocratic practices in a politically fragmented environment.
• Options:
  • Strengthening the legal and institutional framework for public service.
  • Enhancing performance management and capacity building.
  • Considering the use of project implementation units alongside core government capacity.
  • Balancing political and administrative considerations in staffing and promotion.

Decentralization

• Background: Decentralization is a central component of the Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan (ICSS).
• Challenges:
  • Limited capacity at the state and local levels.
  • Political pressures for resource and power sharing.
  • Need to sequence the establishment of institutions to avoid overwhelming human and financial resources.
• Options:
  • Implementing a phased approach to institutional establishment.
  • Clarifying roles and responsibilities of different tiers of government.
  • Enacting the Local Government Act to formalize structures and functions.
  • Integrating traditional authorities into the governance framework.

Anti-Corruption

• Background: Corruption is a significant challenge in the new state-building process.
• Challenges:
  • Risk of perceived nepotism and tribalism.
  • Balancing anti-corruption efforts with coalition-building.
  • Establishing specialized anticorruption institutions.
• Options:
  • Creating the Southern Sudan Anti-Corruption Commission (SSACC) and Southern Sudan Audit Chamber (SSAC).
  • Harmonizing anticorruption institutions to avoid duplication and inefficiency.
  • Focusing on fiscal and administrative accountability through public financial management (PFM) reforms.

Implementation Experience

• A set of strategic options papers was prepared to guide discussions on public service reform, decentralization, and anti-corruption.
• A technical working group on decentralization was established, which covered multiple thematic areas due to the cross-cutting nature of the issue.
• The 2008 Juba Workshop brought together high-level officials and traditional leaders to discuss decentralization and public service reform, resulting in a national commitment to these issues.
• The GoSS declared 2009 as the "Year of Decentralization" and "Year of Public Service Reform."
• A Local Government Act was enacted in April 2009, clarifying some governance issues.

Key Institutions and Acronyms

• GoSS: Government of Southern Sudan
• CPA: Comprehensive Peace Agreement
• ICSS: Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan
• MDTF-SS: Southern Sudan Multi-donor Trust Fund
• SSACC: Southern Sudan Anti-corruption Commission
• SSAC: Southern Sudan Audit Chamber
• MoLPS&HRD: Ministry of Legal Affairs and Constitutional Development
• CFSSP: Core Fiduciary Systems Support Project
• CABIHRD: Capacity Building, Institutional and Human Resource Development Project
• PAC: Public Accounts Committee
• PFM: Public Financial Management
• LGA: Local Government Act
• LGB: Local Government Board

Conclusion

The report highlights the critical importance of good governance in ensuring the success of peace-building and development in Southern Sudan. It outlines a series of strategic options and policy reforms aimed at improving the efficiency, accountability, and inclusiveness of public administration, while addressing the unique challenges of the region. The joint GoSS-World Bank initiative aims to support a second phase of reforms that will lead to more effective use of resources and better service delivery.

Annexes

• Annex 1: Details of consultation processes and outcomes of the June 2008 workshop.
• Annex 2: Summary of the June 2008 workshop on decentralization.
• Annex 3: Role of traditional authorities in governance.
• Annex 4: Map of Sudan.

References

• The report draws on historical data, political analysis, and international experiences in post-conflict governance.
• Key contributions were made by the GoSS, World Bank, and international donors such as DFID, EC, USAID, and UNDP.

Acknowledgments

• The report is the result of a joint effort between the GoSS and the World Bank.
• Contributions from various officials and stakeholders were essential to the process.
• Peer reviewers and consultants provided critical input during the development of the report.

Financial Context

• Currency Equivalent: 1 US$ = 2.32 Sudanese Pounds (SDG) as of February 2010.
• Donor Support: Donor contributions through the MDTF-SS have exceeded $526 million since 2005, with an average annual support of about $200 million.
• Fiscal Challenges: The high wage bill and administrative costs pose significant constraints on public service delivery and development spending.

Final Notes

• The report is intended to support the GoSS in making informed decisions for the next phase of governance and development.
• It emphasizes the need for a pragmatic and flexible approach to policy-making in light of the region's complex political and economic environment.