2012年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_in_the_Arab_World_2012___Doing_Business_in_a_More_Transparent_World_123页_2mb

报告摘要

2012 Doing Business in the Arab World Summary

Core Content

The 2012 Doing Business in the Arab World report evaluates the regulatory environment for domestic firms across 20 Arab economies, focusing on 11 key areas of business regulation. It compares these regulations with those in other regions and highlights the progress and challenges in improving the business climate.

The report is part of the global Doing Business project, which measures and tracks changes in business regulations for 183 economies. It provides quantitative indicators that assess the ease of doing business, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and identifies the reforms that have worked and why.

Main Topics Covered

The report covers the following 11 topics related to business regulation:

Starting a business
Dealing with construction permits
Getting electricity
Registering property
Getting credit
Protecting investors
Paying taxes
Trading across borders
Enforcing contracts
Resolving insolvency
Employing workers

Note: Employing workers data is not included in this year’s ease of doing business ranking.

Key Findings

Regulatory Reforms in the Arab World: In 2010/11, 13 Arab economies implemented 20 reforms aimed at improving the business environment. Morocco was the most active in this regard.
Business-Friendly Environment: The Arab world as a whole has a regulatory environment that is less business-friendly than OECD high-income economies. This is reflected in costlier and more bureaucratic procedures in areas such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, paying taxes, and trading across borders.
Electricity Access: In the Arab world, getting an electricity connection costs 1,830% of income per capita, which is higher than any region except Sub-Saharan Africa.
Legal Protections: Legal institutions related to investor protection, contract enforcement, and insolvency are relatively weaker in the Arab world compared to other regions.
Reforms in Credit Information Systems: Several Arab economies have made progress in improving credit information systems, but coverage remains low, with only 15% of the adult population having access.
Access to Information: In most Arab economies, accessing regulatory information such as documentation requirements and fee schedules requires meetings with officials, whereas in OECD economies, this is often available online or through public notices.
Economic Performance: The average ease of doing business ranking for Arab economies is 99, with Saudi Arabia at 12 and Djibouti at 170. This highlights significant regional disparities.
Progress in the Arab World: Over the past 6 years, 94% of 174 economies covered by Doing Business have moved closer to the frontier—a measure of the most business-friendly regulatory practices. Egypt and Saudi Arabia made the most progress among Arab economies.

Trends in Business Regulation Reform

Business Start-Up Reforms: In 2010/11, 6 Arab economies made it easier to start a business. These included Oman, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, which introduced online registration, reduced capital requirements, and streamlined processes.
Credit Information Systems: Four Arab economies improved their credit information systems, including Algeria, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.
Lag in Legal Reforms: No Arab economy implemented reforms in registering property, enforcing contracts, or resolving insolvency in 2010/11. This is a major area for improvement.

Opportunities for Improvement

E-Governance: The report highlights the potential of e-government initiatives to increase transparency and access to information.
Institutional Reforms: There is a need for institutional reforms to strengthen legal institutions, particularly those related to investor protection, contract enforcement, and insolvency.
Inclusive Growth: The Arab Spring has created a demand for more inclusive and broad-based growth. Policies that promote private sector development and good governance can help create employment opportunities for the young population.

Methodology

Indicators: The report uses quantitative indicators to measure the strength of property rights and investor protections, as well as the cost and efficiency of regulatory processes.
Data Sources: Data is based on case studies and official fee schedules. It is current as of June 1, 2011.
Rankings: The report includes global rankings for the ease of doing business, with 183 economies ranked from 1 to 183.

Conclusion

The 2012 Doing Business in the Arab World report underscores the need for continued reform to create a more transparent and efficient regulatory environment. While there has been progress in some areas, particularly business start-up, legal and institutional reforms remain critical for improving the business climate and economic outcomes in the region. The report serves as a tool for policymakers to identify areas where reforms can have the greatest impact.