2019基础设施_评估拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区公私合营的环境（英文版）_113页_9mb

2019 Infrascope Summary: Evaluating the Environment for Public-Private Partnerships in Latin America and the Caribbean

Core Content

The 2019 Infrascope is a benchmarking index assessing the capacity of Latin American and Caribbean countries to implement sustainable public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure. It is the sixth edition of this report, with the methodology updated in 2017. The report covers data from December 2018 to February 2019 and is produced by The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) with financial support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB).

Main Viewpoints

• PPPs are increasingly accepted as a procurement tool in the region, with 17 out of 21 countries having a "developed" regulatory framework.
• National infrastructure plans are now widespread, with 14 countries having developed PPP markets, an increase from 11 in 2017.
• Sustainability is a growing focus, with 19 countries requiring environmental impact statements for PPPs and over one-third incorporating climate change commitments into PPP planning.
• Political will remains strong, with all countries showing some level of support for private investment in infrastructure, though implementation varies.
• Transparency and accountability are still areas for improvement, with only eight countries having online public PPP registries and four publishing project evaluations online.

Key Findings

Infrascope Categories and Indicators

The index evaluates countries across five categories with 23 indicators and 78 sub-indicators:

1. Regulations

   • Includes indicators such as regulatory environment, PPP selection criteria, bid fairness, conciliation schemes, and risk allocation.
   • Renegotiations and transparency are key areas for improvement.

2. Institutions

   • Measures the presence and effectiveness of PPP agencies, project preparation facilities, and transparency mechanisms.
   • Most countries have dedicated PPP agencies, but adequate staffing and online reporting remain issues.

3. Maturity

   • Reflects the experience and regulatory framework for PPPs.
   • The Maturity category had the highest average score in both 2017 and 2019.
   • PPP investment relative to GDP is generally low, with most countries at 2% or less.

4. Investment and Business Climate

   • Includes indicators such as political effectiveness, business environment, political will, and competition in local industry.
   • This category saw the most improvement across the region.

5. Financing

   • Focuses on the availability of financial instruments and market maturity.
   • It remains the lowest scoring domain, with only a few countries issuing green or development impact bonds.

Country Performance

• Top Performers:

  • Chile (79), Colombia (77), and Peru (77) led the index, with Chile and Colombia nearly tying in the Regulations category.
  • Jamaica (76) and Guatemala (74) followed closely.

• Notable Improvements:

  • Costa Rica improved the most in the Regulations category due to tighter selection criteria.
  • Jamaica ranked highest in the Maturity category with 12.2% of PPP investment relative to GDP.
  • Ecuador, Guatemala, and El Salvador saw the most overall improvements, driven by better investment climates and regulatory reforms.

• Weaknesses:

  • Transparency and accountability remain weak, with limited online reporting of PPP progress and evaluations.
  • Financing is the weakest domain, with most countries still in the "emerging" stage for alternative financial tools.
  • Peru scored poorly in the Regulations category due to lack of transparency in bidding processes.

Regional Trends

• Interest in PPPs has grown significantly, with more countries adopting frameworks and integrating sustainability goals.
• Infrastructure investment remains below the required levels, with the region investing only 3.5% of GDP on average over the last decade.
• Alternative financing is emerging, particularly in the form of green bonds and development impact bonds, with Peru, Colombia, and Mexico leading in this area.

Conclusion

The 2019 Infrascope highlights the progress made in Latin America and the Caribbean in developing PPP frameworks, but also underscores the need for greater transparency, accountability, and financial innovation. While the top performers demonstrate strong regulatory and institutional frameworks, many countries still require improvements in project management, financial tools, and risk distribution to fully harness the potential of PPPs in infrastructure development.