2012年-世界发展银行全球_Hidden_Harvest___The_Global_Contribution_of_Capture_Fisheries_92页_1mb

Hidden Harvest: The Global Contribution of Capture Fisheries

Core Content

This report, Hidden Harvest: The Global Contribution of Capture Fisheries, provides an in-depth analysis of the economic and social contributions of both small- and large-scale capture fisheries worldwide. It is a collaborative effort by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the WorldFish Center, and the World Bank's Global Program on Sustainable Fisheries (PROFISH). The study aims to highlight the often-overlooked importance of fisheries, especially in developing countries, and to inform decision makers on how to better manage and support this sector for sustainable development.

Main Points

1. Scope and Purpose

• The report focuses on small-scale fisheries and developing countries, as approximately 90% of the 120 million fishers globally are engaged in small-scale fisheries, and 97% of them live in developing countries.
• It also includes an analysis of large-scale fisheries and recreational fisheries to provide a comprehensive view of the fisheries sector's contributions to the global economy.
• The term "hidden harvest" is used to refer to the often-undocumented and unmeasured contributions of fisheries, particularly subsistence and small-scale fisheries, to local food security and economic development.

2. Methodology

• Data was collected from 17 developing country case studies, supplemented by recent sector studies and published information from OECD member states.
• The study used case study data and global fisheries statistics to extrapolate and estimate the economic contributions of fisheries.
• It examined GDP contributions, including both direct and indirect impacts, such as postharvest activities and recreational fishing.
• The report also discusses the challenges of data collection, especially for small-scale and subsistence fisheries, and highlights the lack of standardized definitions and comprehensive data.

3. Key Findings

• Employment: Approximately 120 million full-time and part-time workers are directly dependent on commercial capture fisheries. 97% of them live in developing countries, and 47% of the total workforce is women.
• Geographic Distribution: Over half of the fishers in developing countries are in Asia, and more than 60 million work in small-scale inland fisheries.
• Contribution to GDP:
  • Commercial capture fisheries contributed $274 billion to global GDP in 2007, slightly less than 1% of the total.
  • Postharvest activities may add an additional $160 billion to the GDP estimate.
  • Recreational fisheries contribute $70 billion annually to the global economy.
• Consumption: In developing countries, 90–95% of small-scale fish landings are destined for local human consumption.
• Sustainability Issues:
  • Overexploitation, pollution, and habitat loss threaten fisheries.
  • Small-scale fisheries are more sustainable and have a greater role in local food security and poverty reduction.
  • Data on fisheries' socioeconomic contributions is often inadequate or absent, leading to undervaluation and poor policy responses.

4. Challenges and Limitations

• Data Deficiencies: Many countries lack detailed statistics on small-scale fisheries, subsistence fishing, and postharvest activities.
• Disaggregation Issues: There is no standard definition for small- and large-scale fisheries, which complicates data collection and analysis.
• Underestimation: National production statistics tend to underestimate small-scale inland catches by up to 70% and overall commercial catches by about 10%.
• Social and Economic Importance: The study emphasizes the role of women in fisheries, including their involvement in processing, marketing, and decision-making.

5. Recommendations

• Improve data collection and reporting mechanisms for small-scale and subsistence fisheries.
• Develop more accurate and comprehensive economic models that account for the full value chain of fisheries.
• Increase investment in sustainable fisheries management and aquatic environmental governance.
• Recognize the critical role of small-scale fisheries in poverty reduction and food security.
• Enhance the visibility and understanding of fisheries as a vital economic and social sector.

Key Information

• Hidden Harvest refers to the often-ignored contributions of fisheries, especially subsistence and small-scale, to local economies and food security.
• Small-scale fisheries are defined as those conducted without boats or from vessels less than 20 meters in length, often involving local communities.
• Recreational fisheries contribute significantly to the global economy, with an estimated $190 billion in annual expenditures by 220 million anglers.
• Subsistence fisheries are primarily consumed by local households and are often poorly documented, but they play a crucial role in rural livelihoods.
• The report highlights the need for better data and more inclusive policies to support the fisheries sector in a sustainable manner.

Structure of the Report

• Executive Summary: Provides an overview of the study's objectives and key findings.
• Approach: Describes the methodology used to estimate the economic contributions of fisheries.
• Key Findings: Summarizes the main results of the study.
• Conclusions: Outlines the implications of the findings for policy and management.
• Annex: Includes detailed data sources and notes for GDP calculations, providing additional context and supporting information.

Summary of Contributions

• Small-scale fisheries:

  • Provide livelihoods for over 116 million people in developing countries.
  • Are more productive in terms of employment per ton of catch.
  • Contribute significantly to local food security and nutrition.
  • Are often overlooked in policy discussions due to lack of data.

• Large-scale fisheries:

  • Are more prominent in terms of fish landings and international trade.
  • Are often the focus of management efforts due to their economic visibility.
  • However, they are less effective in addressing local food needs and may be less sustainable.

• Recreational fisheries:

  • Contribute about $70 billion annually to global GDP.
  • Are of greater economic importance in some countries than commercial fisheries.
  • Are difficult to quantify due to lack of standardized data.

• Subsistence fisheries:

  • Are a major source of nutrition for poor households.
  • Are not well documented or included in GDP estimates.
  • Play a vital role in rural communities and social stability.

Final Notes

• The study calls for increased attention to the management of both large- and small-scale fisheries to ensure their sustainability and contribution to global economic and social development.
• It underscores the importance of improving data collection and using more inclusive economic models to capture the true value of fisheries.
• The report is part of a series of knowledge products by PROFISH, aiming to promote better understanding and management of fisheries globally.