2018-东大西洋和地中海的天使鲨保护策略（英文版）-8mb

报告摘要

Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Angel Shark Conservation Strategy Summary

Core Content

This document outlines the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Angel Shark Conservation Strategy, focusing on the conservation of three Critically Endangered species: Squatina squatina (Angelshark), Squatina aculeata (Sawback Angelshark), and Squatina oculata (Smoothback Angelshark). The strategy aims to restore and safeguard these species by addressing key threats, improving data collection, and promoting regional collaboration.

Main Species Overview

Species	Former Range	Current Range	Size (cm)	Remarks
Angelshark (S. squatina)	Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean, Black Sea	Canary Islands, occasional reports in Mediterranean	Males: 80–132, Females: 128–244	Only species in northern European seas; severely contracted range
Sawback Angelshark (S. aculeata)	Eastern Atlantic (Morocco to Angola), Mediterranean	Occasional reports in Eastern Mediterranean and West Africa	Males: ~188, Females: ~188	Masked by aggregated landings data; habitat degradation is a major issue
Smoothback Angelshark (S. oculata)	Eastern Atlantic (Iberian Peninsula to Namibia), Mediterranean	Occasional reports in Mediterranean and West Africa	Males: 71–82, Females: 89–100	Declined due to intense demersal fisheries; likely absent from parts of Mediterranean and West Africa

Key Threats and Priorities

Threat Categories

Commercial Fisheries: Incidental catch, lack of species-specific reporting, IUU fishing.
Recreational Fishing: Unregulated catch, lack of reporting mechanisms.
Critical Angel Shark Areas (CASAs): Need for identification, protection, and mapping.
Human Interactions: Tourism, coastal development, pollution, and other activities.
Environmental Factors: Climate change, habitat degradation, eutrophication, and water pollution.

Regional Threats

Northeast Atlantic: Commercial fishing remains a significant threat despite some protections.
Mediterranean: Poor implementation of existing regulations and lack of data.
Canary Islands: Recreational fishing and lack of catch reporting.
West Africa: Small-scale fishing and limited information on species importance.

Conservation Goals and Objectives

Vision

Angel sharks in the Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean are restored to robust populations and safeguarded throughout their range.

Priority Goals

Minimise fisheries-based angel shark mortality
Identify and protect Critical Angel Shark Areas
Minimise negative human interactions

Headline Objectives

Improve reporting and monitoring in commercial fisheries.
Confirm distribution and identify important areas.
Understand human interaction extent and nature.
Implement and enforce existing legislative measures.
Identify and fill legislative gaps.
Enhance fisher knowledge to reduce retention and improve post-release survival.
Quantify incidental catch and mitigate it.
Ascertain recreational fishing interactions.

Management and Policy Measures

Policy Action	Priority	Cost
Listing on Spanish Domestic Regulations	High	$
Implementation of GFCM measures	High	$
Expansion of CFP to include additional Squatina spp.	High	$
Listing on CMS (if migratory data available)	Medium	$$
Other national management measures	Medium	$$

Call to Action

Data Submission: Regional experts are encouraged to submit sightings and information to improve understanding of distribution and status.
Collaboration: The strategy promotes regional and international cooperation to enhance conservation efforts.
Community Engagement: Includes initiatives for fisher education, identification materials, and tourism assessments.
Resources: Available at www.angelsharknetwork.com for data submission, joining the network, and accessing additional resources.

References and Funding

References: Includes studies by Dulvy (2014), Ferretti (2015), Barker (2016), and others.
Funders: Supported by various organizations including The Shark Trust, British Irish Association, Zoos, and others.

Conclusion

The strategy serves as a framework for improved protection and conservation action for the three Critically Endangered angel shark species in the region. It highlights the urgent need for enhanced data collection, policy implementation, and collaborative efforts to address the threats they face. The document invites participation from researchers, advocates, and local communities to support the recovery of angel shark populations.

Contact: angels@sharktrust.org
Angel Shark Questionnaire: www.bit.ly/2qeVzDJ
Image Credits: Angel shark (S. squatina) © Michael Sealey
Workshop Participants: Included experts from various regions and organizations.

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