2013年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_2014_Economy_Profile___Panama_107页_1mb

报告摘要

Doing Business 2014: Panama Summary

Core Content

The Doing Business 2014 report evaluates the ease of doing business in Panama and 188 other economies, focusing on regulations affecting small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across 11 key areas. These include starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and employing workers. The report provides aggregate rankings, comparative data, and insights into regulatory reforms.

Main Points

Ease of Doing Business Index

Panama's 2014 Rank: 55 (up 6 places from 2013)
Distance to Frontier (DTF): 66.7 (up 1.6 from 2013)
Region: Latin America & Caribbean
Income Category: Upper middle income
Population: 3,802,281
GNI per capita (US$): 9,910

Key Indicators

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Starting a Business	25	26	22	79	102	148	145	20	New Zealand (1)
Procedures (number)	5	6	7	9	9	8	6	6	New Zealand (1)*
Time (days)	6.0	7.0	5.5	15.0	24.0	16.5	19.5	5.0	New Zealand (0.5)
Cost (% of income per capita)	7.2	8.8	0.7	7.5	9.5	45.5	46.4	1.5	Slovenia (0.0)
Paid-in Min. Capital (% of income per capita)	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.8	19.6	0.0	112 Economies (0.0)*

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Getting Electricity	16	17	43	101	47	154	34	13	Iceland (1)
Procedures (number)	5	5	6	5	5	8	4	4	10 Economies (3)*
Time (days)	35	35	30	105	62	88	39	60	Germany (17)
Cost (% of property value)	2.3	2.3	1.2	2.0	3.4	3.8	0.8	3.4	5 Economies (0.0)*

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Registering Property	74	81	55	53	46	59	23	25	Georgia (1)
Procedures (number)	7	8	6	7	5	5	4	4	4 Economies (1)*
Time (days)	29.5	28.5	28.5	13.0	19.0	31.0	23.0	12.0	New Zealand (1.0)*
Cost (% of property value)	2.3	2.3	1.2	2.0	3.4	3.8	0.8	3.4	5 Economies (0.0)*

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Getting Credit	55	52	55	73	86	55	13	3	Malaysia (1)*
Strength of legal rights index (0-10)	5	5	6	5	3	5	8	9	10 Economies (10)*
Depth of credit information index (0-6)	6	6	5	5	6	6	6	6	31 Economies (6)*
Public registry coverage (% of adults)	0.0	0.0	40.5	0.0	25.4	27.3	19.1	0.0	Portugal (100.0)*
Private bureau coverage (% of adults)	60.8	57.9	5.9	83.8	100.0	83.3	8.6	100.0	22 Economies (100.0)*

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Trading Across Borders	11	11	40	94	44	64	116	22	Singapore (1)
Documents to export (number)	3	3	5	4	5	7	8	3	Ireland (2)*
Time to export (days)	10	10	15	14	13	13	17	6	5 Economies (6)*
Cost to export (US$ per container)	625	615	980	2,355	1,015	980	1,435	1,090	Malaysia (450)
Documents to import (number)	3	3	5	6	5	7	7	5	Ireland (2)*
Time to import (days)	9	9	12	13	14	10	17	5	Singapore (4)
Cost to import (US$ per container)	965	965	930	2,470	1,070	970	1,500	1,315	Singapore (440)

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Enforcing Contracts	127	126	64	155	130	68	97	11	Luxembourg (1)
Time (days)	686	686	480	1,288	852	786	1,402	370	Singapore (150)
Cost (% of claim)	50.0	50.0	28.6	47.9	24.3	19.2	26.5	18.4	Bhutan (0.1)
Procedures (number)	32	32	36	34	40	34	31	32	Singapore (21)*

Indicator	Panama DB2014	Panama DB2013	Chile DB2014	Colombia DB2014	Costa Rica DB2014	El Salvador DB2014	Guatemala DB2014	United States DB2014	Best Performer
Resolving Insolvency	112	112	102	25	124	90	109	17	Japan (1)
Time (years)	2.5	2.5	3.2	1.7	3.0	3.5	3.0	1.5	Ireland (0.4)
Cost (% of estate)	25	25	15	6	15	12	15	7	Norway (1)
Outcome (0 as piecemeal sale and 1 as going concern)	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	1	-
Recovery rate (cents on the dollar)	27.5	27.5	29.1	70.3	24.5	32.8	27.7	81.5	Japan (92.8)

Key Information

Business Registration Process

Procedures: 5
Time: 6.0 days
Cost: 7.2% of income per capita
Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita

Business Registration Reforms in Panama

Year	Reform
DB2009	Introduction of an online system for company creation reduced the time to obtain a business license significantly.
DB2010	No reform recorded.
DB2011	Increased efficiency at the registrar eased business start-up.
DB2012	Extended operating hours of the public registry reduced registration time.
DB2013	No reform recorded.
DB2014	Elimination of the need to visit the municipality to obtain the municipal taxpayer number simplified the process.

Standardized Company Assumptions

City: Panama City
Legal Form: Sociedad Anónima (S.A.) - Corporation
Paid-in Minimum Capital Requirement: None
Start-up Capital: 10 times GNI per capita
Procedures:
1. Hire a registered agent (1 day, USD 200)
2. Notarize articles of incorporation (must include name and domicile of each subscriber)

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2014 report highlights that Panama has made progress in improving its business environment, particularly in reducing the time and cost to start a business and streamline processes. However, there are still significant challenges in areas such as property registration, credit access, and contract enforcement. The report emphasizes the importance of regulatory reforms in enhancing the ease of doing business and supports policy makers in identifying areas for improvement.

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