世界气象组织-亚洲仍是世界自然灾害最严重地区（英）-2024-38页_2mb

State of the Climate in Asia 2023: Summary

Key Findings

• Temperature: The Asia region experienced its second-warmest year on record in 2023, with temperatures 0.91°C above the 1991–2020 average. This was driven by record-high temperatures in Japan, Kazakhstan, and extensive heatwaves across the region, including parts of East China and South Asia.
• Precipitation: Significant precipitation deficits occurred in several areas, including South-west China, the Hindu Kush region, and along the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, leading to notable droughts. Conversely, excessive precipitation resulted in flooding in other regions.
• Cryosphere: Glaciers in High-Mountain Asia lost mass at an accelerating rate over the past 40 years; record-breaking heat and dryness in East Himalaya and Tien Shan exacerbated this loss, impacting water resources.
• Sea Surface Temperature: The north-west Pacific Ocean recorded the highest sea-surface temperature anomalies in 2023, contributing to marine heatwaves and influencing climate patterns.

Extreme Events

• Tropical Cyclones: Fewer than average tropical cyclones formed in 2023, but when they did, such as cyclones Mocha, Khanun, and Doksuri, they caused severe flooding and landslides, affecting millions and resulting in high casualty rates.
• Floods and Storms: Over 80% of reported hydrometeorological hazards in 2023 were flood and storm events, leading to over 2000 fatalities and affecting more than nine million people. Countries like India, Yemen, and Myanmar were disproportionately impacted.
• Droughts and Heatwaves: Drought conditions persisted in South-west China and other regions, while heatwaves occurred widely, causing extreme temperatures, wildfires, and health impacts, including deaths from heatstroke.
• Other Events: Marine heatwaves, severe dust storms, cold waves, and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) occurred, exacerbating risks in vulnerable areas.

Climate-Related Impacts and Risks

• Mortality and affected populations were high, with floods being the leading cause of deaths, due to the region's vulnerability and inadequate infrastructure.
• Early warning systems exist in most WMO Members, but gaps remain, particularly in climate projections and tailored products, limiting adaptation and risk reduction efforts.

Challenges and Opportunities

• While climate services are increasingly available, less than 50% of Members provide tailored products needed for effective disaster risk management. Economic losses and vulnerability are expected to rise without timely and accurate climate information.
• Opportunities include strengthening early warning systems, improving forecasting, and enhancing regional collaboration to address climate change impacts.

Conclusion

Asia's climate in 2023 was marked by record-breaking temperatures, extreme weather events, and slow progress in adaptation measures. Urgent actions are needed to mitigate climate risks, improve early warning systems, and support vulnerable communities to enhance resilience.