皮尤-同性恋持续存在全球鸿沟：许多国家地区的接受度不断提高（英文）-2020.8-27页_1mb

Summary of "The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists"

Core Content

This report by the Pew Research Center, released in June 2020, analyzes global public opinion on the acceptance of homosexuality across 34 countries based on a survey conducted between May 13 and October 2, 2019, involving 38,426 respondents. The survey explores how attitudes vary by region, economic development, religion, political ideology, age, education, and income.

Main Findings

Global Divide on Acceptance of Homosexuality

• Public opinion on the acceptance of homosexuality remains sharply divided by country, region, and economic development.
• In Western Europe and the Americas, acceptance is generally higher, while in Eastern Europe, Russia, Ukraine, the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa, acceptance is significantly lower.
• The Asia-Pacific region shows a more mixed picture, with some countries like Australia and the Philippines having high acceptance rates, while others like Indonesia have low acceptance.

Acceptance Rates by Country

• Sweden, Netherlands, and Germany have the highest acceptance rates, with over 90% of respondents in favor.
• Nigeria, Kenya, and Ukraine have the lowest, with less than 20% of respondents accepting homosexuality.
• South Africa and Israel are the only countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East, respectively, where more than a quarter of respondents accept homosexuality.

Trends in Acceptance Over Time

• There has been a notable increase in acceptance in many countries over the past two decades.
• South Africa saw a 21-point increase, South Korea a 19-point increase, and India a 22-point increase since the first survey in 2002.
• In Mexico and Japan, acceptance rates have risen from just over 50% in 2002 to close to 70% in 2019.

Factors Influencing Acceptance

• Age: In 22 of the 34 countries, younger adults are more accepting of homosexuality than older adults.
• Education: Higher education levels are associated with greater acceptance of homosexuality.
• Income: Higher income earners tend to be more accepting than lower income earners.
• Religion: Those who see religion as less important in their lives are more accepting of homosexuality than those who see it as very important. In many countries, religious "nones" (atheists, agnostics, or those with no particular religious affiliation) are more accepting than religiously affiliated individuals.
• Political Ideology: Those on the left tend to be more accepting of homosexuality than those on the right.
• Right-wing Populist Parties: Support for these parties is associated with lower acceptance of homosexuality. For example, in Spain, supporters of the Vox party are less accepting, and in Poland, supporters of the PiS party are 23 percentage points less likely to accept homosexuality.

Key Information

• The survey used face-to-face methods in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, and phone methods in the U.S. and Canada.
• The median acceptance rate across all 34 countries is 52%, with 38% opposing it.
• The U.S. has seen a steady increase in acceptance since 2000, with 72% in 2019, up from 49% in 2007.
• Partisan Divide in the U.S. is still significant, with 85% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents accepting homosexuality, compared to 58% of Republicans and Republican leaners.

Conclusion

Despite increasing acceptance in many countries, a global divide on homosexuality persists. While wealthier and more developed nations tend to be more accepting, religion, political ideology, and age remain significant factors influencing public opinion. The report highlights the complex interplay of social, cultural, and economic variables in shaping attitudes toward homosexuality.