世界银行-塑造更凉爽的曼谷_应对城市高温_建设更宜居的城市（英）-2025_80页_15mb

Executive Summary

Bangkok faces escalating risks from urban heat due to climate change and the Urban Heat Island effect, necessitating urgent and strategic interventions. Rising temperatures threaten public health, economic productivity, and infrastructure reliability. This report quantifies these impacts and provides actionable solutions to build resilience. Key findings include:

• Bangkok's temperature is projected to rise by up to 4.5°C by the end of the century, leading to more frequent and intense heatwaves.
• Heat exposure affects all sectors, with vulnerable populations—such as the elderly, children, and outdoor workers—bearing disproportionate risks.
• Urban heat exacerbates health risks, reduces labor productivity by an estimated 3.3-3.4% for each 1°C increase, and strains energy systems and infrastructure.
• Current measures include tree planting, district cooling systems, and early warning systems, but institutional fragmentation and funding constraints limit their effectiveness.

Key Recommendations

PLACES: Enhancing the Built Environment

• Targeted Interventions: Conduct detailed heat mapping to prioritize tree planting, shading structures, and reflective surfaces in high-risk neighborhoods. Expand green and blue infrastructure to mitigate the Urban Heat Island effect systematically.

PEOPLE: Strengthening Community Preparedness

• Vulnerable Populations: Implement targeted outreach, cooling centers, and hydration points for at-risk groups. Ensure equitable access to cooling resources during heat emergencies.

INSTITUTIONS: Strengthening Governance

• Integrated Framework: Establish a dedicated heat task force to enhance cross-departmental coordination. Secure stable funding through public-private partnerships and climate finance.

Bangkok is at a pivotal moment to transform its urban landscape and policies. By embedding heat resilience into governance, infrastructure, and community engagement, the city can mitigate the worst impacts of extreme heat and ensure a livable future for all residents.