深度报告-2026-01-30-世界卫生组织-Timor-Leste_Essential_Medicines_List_TLEML_2025_English_81页_2mb

> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List (TLEML) Commission for the Selection of Medicines, Products and Medical Equipment (CSMPEM) 4th Edition February 2025 # Timor-Leste Essential Medicine List (TLEML) Commission for the Selection of Medicines, Products and Medical Equipment (CSMPEM) 4th Edition February 2025 # Contents Message from Minister of Health iii Preface from WHO Representative. Acknowledgements vii Abbreviations ix TLEML Review Process. 1 1. Procedures for changes on Addition or Deletion of medicines from Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List: 1 1.1. Adding new medicines to the List. 1 1.2. Removing Medicines from the List 2 2. Procedures for the Request and Procurement of Non-Listed Medicines..... 2 Structure of the Essential Medicines List 4 1. Active Ingredient, Pharmaceutical Strength, and Preparation 4 2. Vital, Essential and Non-essential Categories (VEN) 6 3. Access, Watch and Reserve Categories (AWare) 7 4. Level of Use (LoU) 8 5. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) 9 6. Medicines Restriction (Age and Weight) 10 Therapeutic Classification of Medicines 11 Index 52 Annexes 59 Annex 1. Application Form for Addition/Deletion of Medicines from Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List 59 Annex 2: Request Form for Non-Listed Medicines on Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List 61 Annex 3: Form for Spontaneous Reports of Suspected ADRs 64 Annex 4: Table of Summary Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List 2025 66 # Message from Minister of Health Access to medicines and vaccines is one of the pillars of universal health coverage and is essential for the achievement of the health-related sustainable development goals. With the aim of improving the quality of care received by the Timorese population, the Ministry of Health is pleased to present the fully revised and updated fourth edition of the Essential Medicines List. Medicines play an important role in the delivery of healthcare services, so the selection of the appropriate medicines needed by the Timorese people is one of the fundamental and dynamic activities of the Ministry of Health. The list of medicines is in line with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the international best practices and the health needs of Timor-Leste. The list follows essential medicines principles and concepts to simplify medicine supply management and supports an optimized logistic system. This Fourth edition of the Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List (TLEML) 2025 is the result of an extensive collaboration, research and national consultative process with technical inputs from national and international experts to ensure that every citizen of Timor-Leste has access to safe, effective and affordable medicines. I hope that all healthcare providers will make the best use of this document as it continues to be an important tool in management of medications in the country. Strict adherence to the Essential Medicines List during prescription, dispensing, procurement, and distribution remains a mandatory requirement for all the stakeholders. I extend my gratitude to all who have contributed to the development of TLEML 2025. Together, let us ensure that essential medicines are available to all who need them, regardless of socio-economic status. # Preface from Dr. Arvind Mathur Availability of safe and effective medicines play an important role in the health and well-being of the people. The careful selection of an affordable list of high-quality, safe and effective medicines falls under one of the essential and dynamic roles that the Ministry of Health upholds. This is where the Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List (TLEML) comes into focus. The Essential Medicines List a vital pillar of our National Drug Policy, as it ensures our healthcare services are equipped with the necessary resources to provide the best care possible to all citizens. We want the TLEML to be an indispensable tool for promoting the rational and cost-effective procurement of medicines. It should also guarantee effective supply management, which is crucial to ensuring the equitable distribution and availability of essential medicines throughout the country. Let me reiterate that selection of a limited number of essential medicines as essential, taking into consideration national disease burden and clinical need can lead to improved access through streamlined procurement and distribution of quality-assured medicines and support more rational prescribing and lower costs both for health system and patients. It is collective effort and I wish to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the professionals who have shown immense dedication, whether by contributing in-person or participating in the process of reviewing the final draft. I sincerely believe this updated list will enhance healthcare services for all, both in urban centers and in the remotest areas. Dr. Arvind Mathur WHO Representative Democratic Republic Of Timor-Leste # Acknowledgements Ministry of Health Timor-Leste greatly appreciates the support of experts for their contributions in revision of essential medicines list. It is anticipated that this list of essential medicines will be useful as a tool to guide healthcare providers, policy makers and development partners in their collective efforts to strengthen healthcare system. The Ministry wishes to acknowledge the efforts of the following national and international experts for their contribution. # Ministry of Health: 1. dr. Terlinda da Conceicao Barros DVE, Director-General for Hospital Services. 2. Mr. Delfim da Costa Xavier Ferreira, National Director of Pharmacy and Medicines. 3. Ms. Suzana Hendriques, Head of Pharmacovigilance Department. 4. dr. Bendito Xavier de Almeida, Drug Information Unit Officer. 5. dr. Nelson de Jesus Marques, Drug Information Unit Officer. 6. dr. Cesaltino da Silva Belo, MGB, Master of Pharmacoepidemiology, Adverse Drug Reactions Unit officer. 7. dr. Gejarina Eugenio Gomes Fernandes MGB, Master in Pharmacoepidemiology, Director General for Cabinet of Ethics, Deontology and Quality Assurance, Secretary of CSMPEM. 8. dr. Celia Gusmão, Internal Medicines Specialist, National Hospital of Guido Valadares, Member of CSMPEM. 9. dr. Augusto Junior Gusmão, Obstetrician and Gynecologist, National Hospital of Guido Valadares, Member of CSMPEM. 10. Mr. Emmanuel Ramos de Oliveira dos Santos, Pharmacist, Member of CSMPEM. 11. Mr. Inacio da Costa. Pharmacist, officer in Cabinet of Licensing and Registration of Health Professional Activities, Member of CSMPEM 12. Mrs. Agata do Espirito Santo Soares, S.Farm, Member of CSMPEM. 13. The Health Professionals from National Hospital Guido Valadares and five Referral Hospitals 14. The Health Professionals Representatives from 13 Municipalities including Doctors, Nurses, Midwives, Pharmacists, Pharmacy Assistants and Biomedical Technicians # World Health Organization The Ministry expresses its gratitude to the World Health Organization (WHO) of Timor-Leste for providing technical support during the process of revision of this manual: 1. Dr. Arvind Mathur, WHO Representative to Timor-Leste 2. Dr. Vinay Bothra, Health Policy Advisor, WHO Timor-Leste 3. Dr. Shivali Sisodia, Advisor to the Minister of Health, WHO Timor-Leste 4. Mr. Mohamed Amine, International Procurement and Supply Chain Management Consultant, WHO Timor-Leste 5. dr. Celeste Fernandes Xavier Cham MGB, National Professional Officer, Health System Strengthening. Chairperson of CSMPEM Lastly, Ministry would like to express sincere appreciation to the World Health Organization and Menzies School of Health Research, Timor-Leste for providing financial support for the development of this document. # Abbreviations Abbreviations Meanings Spec Specialist restricted medicines are to be used on specialist prescription from hospitals only HNGV For use by respective specialists in the National Hospital Guido Valadares (HNGV) Hosp For use by hospitals only (HNGV and Referral Hospitals) CHC-1 For use by Sub-Municipal Community Health Centre, with 4 beds to keep patients require emergency care under observation for less them 24 hours CHC-2 For use by Sub-municipal Community Health Centre, with an inpatient department, with up to 20 beds with Emergency Care CHC-3 For use by Municipal Community Health Centre, Services provided include all services provided at CHCs-1 and 2 plus inpatient services with around 30 beds including adults, pediatric, maternity and emergency observation, resident specialist services HP2 For use by Health Posts with Emergency Care, plus all higher level health care facilities HP1 For use by all the level of health facilities LoU Level of Use V Vital – life saving and vital – stock-out cannot be tolerated E Essential – Serious consequences follows if the medicine is unavailable for more than a few days to weeks. N Non-Essential – This medicine is important, but treatment can be started with some delay after a diagnosis, or an alternative medicine could be used, if available mg Milligram g Gram ml Milliliter L Liter mcg Microgram IU International Unit Soln Solution Liq Liquid Sub Sublingual Oint Ointment Aq Aqueous Supp Suppository Susp Suspension Vag Vaginal SR Sustained Release Tab Tablet Cap Capsule Inj Injection ADR Adverse Drugs Reactions CSMPEM Commission for the Selections of Medicines, Products and Medical Equipment # TLEML Review process Essential medicines are those that meet the most important health care needs of the population, and hence, their availability, sufficiency, efficiency, quality, and affordability must be assured. The TLEML is reviewed periodically every three to five years by the Committee for Selection of Medicines, Products and Medical Equipment (CSMPEM) through various consultative meetings and national workshop, to assure that it contains medicines that are most useful and needed for patient care. The list update process was systematic and transparent, with a standard format for applications, systematic analysis of comparative efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness, and external review of applications. The document comprises the Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List (TLEML) which will be used to emphasize the safe and effective use of essential medicines for the population, sustainable procurement process and affordability to the end users. # 1. Procedures for Addition or Deletion of medicines from Timor-Leste Essential Medicines List: # 1.1. Adding new medicines to the List Medicines are added to the list according to their non-proprietary names (generic). No medicine or preparation shall be added to the list unless its formula or composition is known, and its therapeutic value has been established to the satisfaction of the patients. Any member of the medical staff may request the addition of a medicine to the list by completing an "Application form for Addition/Deletion of Medicines from TLEML", to the drug information unit, Department of Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Health. The drug information unit will forward the request to the CSMPEM. For each medicine, specific consideration is given to: Pharmacological classification Therapeutic indications Dosage forms available Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Dosage regimen - Known adverse events and toxicities Special precautions Advantages over comparators - Disadvantages of the medicine compared to comparators Cost effectiveness with comparators Estimate annual consumption rate The CSMPEM will invite the requesting professional to attend the meeting and discuss the request. The following represent major established criteria to be considered by CSMPEM when evaluating all new requests for addition of medicine to the list: Country epidemiology Effectiveness and efficiency Safety Quality Value for money - Wide spread of the product globally Availability of health system personnel to manage the medicine. Funding availability # 1.2. Removing Medicines from the List Request for the deletion of a medicine from the list (Application form for Addition/Deletion of Medicines from TLEML (See annex number 1), shall be submitted in writing to the Chairperson of the CSMPEM, which is the Head of Department Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Health. The Drug Information Unit, Department of Pharmacovigilance will gather the supplemental information and forward the application to the CSMPEM for action. The committee may invite the requesting professional to meet and discuss the request. # 2. Procedures for the Request and Procurement of Non-Listed Medicines. Non-Listed medicines are those medicines which are not included in the Essential Medicines List which are necessary, in limited amounts, for patients who require specialized treatments or patient who have been stabilized on medicines from practitioners outside the health care system. When a patient is initiated on a non-listed medicine, a medical specialist or a clinician may request to purchase of that medicine if there are no other therapeutically equivalent the list and presenting sufficient evidence-based on the safety and efficacy of the medicine to be requested. Request for purchase of non-listed medicines can be requested using the "Request form for Non-Listed Medicines on Essential Medicines List (See annex number 2). The form must be filled correctly and completely for ease of procurement. The filled form must be forwarded immediately to the Pharmacist in-Charge at the respective hospital or municipality for notification of the Drug Information Unit, Department of Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Health and CSMPEM. The requesting from health professional is expected to present a feedback report to the CSMPEM on the effectiveness of the medicine requested, within seven days of completion or suspension of therapy. If the non-listed medicine is effective and has been requested at least three times through the CSMPEM, then this can be considered for possible list of inclusion. A register of all non-listed medicine requests should be kept by all the responsible pharmacist in health facilities and the name of the requesting doctor, The name and quantity of the medicine and the indication for which the medicine was requested should also be recorded. This information will be available to both INFPM (National Institute of Pharmacy and Medicines Product) and Department of Pharmacovigilance at DNFM (National Directorate of Pharmacy and Medicines). When compiled at the end of the year, this information can inform the CSMPEM, INFPM and DNFM about prescriber adherence to the List and can also help in deciding the inclusion or exclusion of the respective medicine. The index for all medicines used are found at the back of the guidebook, together with the information on how to report the adverse drug reactions. All health care workers are encouraged to report suspected adverse drugs reactions (ADR) (See annex number 3) when the reaction is potentially serious or clinically significant, to the Department of Pharmacovigilance. # Structure of the Essential Medicines List # 1. Active Ingredient, Pharmaceutical Strength and Preparation Active ingredient are the substances in medicines that are responsible for the main pharmacological action experienced by patients. The active ingredient in a pharmaceutical product is called an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). An example of an API is the Acetaminophen contained in a pain relief tablet. This List contains total of 331 active ingredients with their generic names. The pharmaceutical strength refers to the amount of active ingredient existing in the medicine and is typically quantified as microgram (mcg), milligrams (mg), grams (g), milliliter (ml), liter (L), international units (IU). The total pharmaceutical strengths in the list are 460. The pharmaceutical preparation meaning the medicine intended for human use, presented in their finished dosage form. The types of pharmaceutical preparations like liquid, tablet, capsules, topical medicines, suppositories, drops, inhalers, and injections. The total preparation in the list are 426 preparations of medicines and the Therapeutic Classification of Medicines distributed in 30 sections. The following table represents the definition of different pharmaceutical dosage forms mentioned in the list: Term Definition Tablet The active ingredient is combined with another substance and pressed into a round or oval solid shape. There are different types of tablets. Soluble or dispersible tablets can safely be dissolved in water. Capsule The active part of the medicine is contained inside either in soft or hard soluble container or shell of a suitable form of gelatin that dissolves slowly in the stomach. You can take some capsules apart and mix the contents with your favorite food. Others need to be swallowed whole, so the medicine isn’t absorbed until the gastric acid breaks down the capsule shell. oral liquid The active part of the medicine is combined with a liquid to make it easier to take or better absorbed. A liquid may also be called a ‘mixture’, ‘solution’ or ‘syrup’. Many common liquids are now available without any added coloring or sugar. injections There are different types of injection, in how and where they’re injected. Subcutaneous or SC injections are given just under the surface of the skin. Intramuscular or IM injections are given into a muscle. Intrathecal injections are given into the fluid around the spinal cord. Intravenous or IV injections are given into a vein. Ovule It is a solid preparation with a conical shape; softens or dissolves body temperature. Ex: clotrimazole suppository Topical medicines These are creams, lotions or ointments applied directly onto the skin. They come in tubs, bottles or tubes depending on the type of medicine. The active part of the medicine is mixed with another substance, making it easy to apply to the skin. Inhalers The active part of the medicine is released under pressure directly into the lungs. Young children may need to use a ‘spacer’ device to take the medicine properly. Inhalers can be difficult to use at first so your pharmacist will show you how to use them Drops These are often used where the active part of the medicine works best if it reaches the affected area directly. They tend to be used for eye, ear or nose. Implantsor patches These medicines are absorbed through the skin, such as nicotine patches for help in giving up smoking, or contraceptive implants which implanted under the skin. Suppositories The active part of the medicine is combined with another substance and pressed into a ‘bullet shape’ so it can be inserted into the bottom (rectum or vagina). Suppositories mustn’t be swallowed. # 2. Vital, Essential and Non-essential Categories (VEN) All medicines are also classified according to their priority, VEN classification which is a most important tool to assist in giving priority to medicines based on economic considerations. - V medicines are Vital medicines, they are considered lifesaving, their unavailability would cause serious harm and efforts should always be aimed at making them $100\%$ available. • E medicines are Essential and are given second priority. Without E medicines there would be major discomfort or irreversible harm. • N medicines are non-essential medicines and are lower in priority than V and E medicines. # 3. Access, Watch and Reserve Categories (AWare) The List of Essential Medicines of Timor-Leste also contains the AWaRe categories of antibiotics with an aim of reducing antimicrobial resistance. Terms Meanings Access group This group includes antibiotics that have activity against a wide range of commonly encountered susceptible pathogens while also showing lower resistance potential than antibiotics in the other groups. Watch group This group includes antibiotic classes that have higher resistance potential and includes most of the highest priority agents among the Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine and/or antibiotics that are at relatively high risk of selection of bacterial resistance. Reserve group This group includes antibiotics and antibiotic classes that should be reserved for treatment of confirmed or suspected infections due to multi-drug-resistant organisms. Reserve group antibiotics should be treated as “last resort” options. # 4. Level of Use Terms Meanings Spec Specialist restricted medicines to be used on specialist prescription in National Hospital Guido Valadares, Hospitals and Municipal level. HNGV For use by respective specialist in the National Hospital Guido Valadares, the distribution of medicines included all of medicines listed in Health Post (1,2), Community Health Center (1,2,3) and Hospital will be available in HNGV. Hosp For use by hospitals only (Regional and Referral Hospital) the distribution of medicines included all medicines listed in Health Post (1,2) and Community Health Center (1,2,3) will be available in Hospital. CHC 3 For use by Municipal Community Health Centre, Services provided include all services provided at CHCs-1 and 2 plus inpatient services with around 30 beds including adults, pediatric, maternity and emergency observation, resident specialist services. The distribution of medicines included all the medicines listed in Health Post (1,2) and Community Health Center (1,2) will be available in Community Health Center 3. CHC 2 For use by Sub-Municipal Community Health Centre, with an inpatient department with up to 20 beds with Emergency Care. The distribution of medicines included all medicines listed in Health Post (1,2) and Community Health Center (1) will be available in Community Health Center 2. CHC 1 For use by Sub-Municipal Community Health Centre, with 4 beds to keep patients in observation less of them 24 hours with Emergency Care. The distribution of medicines included all medicines listed in Health Post (1,2) will be available in Community Health Center 1. HP 2 For use by Health Posts with Emergency Care, plus all higher healthcare facilities, the distribution of medicines listed in Health Post (1,2) will be available in Health Post 2. HP 1 For use by all health facilities, the distribution of medicines only listed for Health Post 1 will be available. # 5. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC) Where the active substances are divided into different groups according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. medicines are classified in groups at five different levels. The complete classification of metformin illustrates the structure of the code: A Alimentary tract and metabolism (1st level, anatomical main group) A10 Drugs used in diabetes. (2nd level, therapeutic subgroup) A10B Blood glucose lowering drugs, e.g. Insulin (3rd level, pharmacological subgroup) A10 BA Biguanides (4th level, chemical subgroup) A10BA02 Metformin (5th level, chemical substance) Thus, in the ATC system all plain metformin preparations are given the code A10BA02. # ATC SYSTEM MAIN GROUPS The main groups of the ATC classification system are listed below: A Alimentary tract and metabolism B Blood and blood forming organs C Cardiovascular system D Dermatological E Genito urinary system and sex hormones H Systemic hormonal preparations, excl. sex hormones and insulins J Anti-infective for systemic use L Antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents M Musculo-skeletal system N Nervous system P Anti-parasitic products, insecticides, and repellents R Respiratory system S Sensory organs V Various # 6. Medicines Restriction (Age and Weight) Medicines with age or weight restrictions Atropine >3 months Benzyl benzoate >2 years Betamethasone topical preparations hydrocortisone preferred in neonates Cefazolin sodium >1 months Ceftriaxone >41 weeks corrected gestational age Delamanid >6 years Dihydroartemisinin /piperacaine (as phosphate) >5 kg Diloxanide >25 kg Doxycycline >8 years, except for serious infections e.g. Cholera Fluoxetine >8 years Ibuprofen >3 months, except IV form for patient's ductus arteriosus Mefloquine >5 kg or >3 months Metoclopramide not in neonates Nevirapine >6 weeks Silver sulfadiazine >2 months Tetracaine not in preterm neonates Xylometazoline >3 months # Therapeutic Classification of Medicines Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC 1. ANAESTHETICS AND PREOPERATIVE MEDICINES 1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen 1.1.1 Inhalational medicines Halothane 250ml liq. soln Spec N N01AB01 Sevoflurane 250ml liq. soln Spec V N01AB08 Isoflurane 250ml inhalation Hosp V N01AB06 1.1.2 Injectable medicines Ketamine 50mg/ml vial(10ml) Spec V N01AX03 Propofol 10mg/ml amp(20ml) Spec V N01AX10 Thiopental 1g vial Spec E N01AF03 1.2 Local anaesthetics Bupivacaine HCL 0.5% + Glucose 7.5% spinal injection 5mg/ml vial (4ml) or (20ml) Hosp V N01BB01 Ephedrine HCL 30mg/ml amp(1ml) Spec V C01CA26 * Ephedrine is used for spinal anesthesia during delivery to prevent hypotension Lidocaine 2% with Adrenaline 1:80:000 (Dental) 2%+1:80:000 cartridge CHC3 V N01BB52 Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC Lidocaine 2% with Adrenaline 1:100,000 (Nerve block) 2%+1:100000 vial (20ml - 30ml) HP1 V N01BB52 Lidocaine 2% Plain without Adrenaline (Dental) 2% cartridge CHC1 E N01BB02 Lidocaine 2% without Adrenaline 20mg/5ml amp(5ml) HP1 V N01BB02 Lidocaine Spray 4% Spray HNGV E N01BB02 Precaine (lidocaine 8%+dibucaine 0.8%) 8%/0.8% gel CHC1 E N01BB52 Mepivacaine without Adrenaline 3% cartridge Hosp E N01BB03 1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term procedures Atropine sulfate 1mg/ml amp(1ml) Hosp V A03BA01 Midazolam 2mg/ml vial(2ml) Hosp V N05CD08 1.4 Medical gases Oxygen inhalation (medicinal gas) inhalation HP1 V V03AN01 *No more than 30% oxygen should be used to initiate resuscitation of neonates less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestation 2. MEDICINES FOR PAIN 2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs) Diclofenac Sodium 50mg scored tab CHC2 E D11AX18 Diclofenac Sodium 25mg/ml amp(3ml) CHC2 E D11AX19 Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC Ibuprofen 400mg scored tab HP1 E M01AE01 Ibuprofen 100mg/5ml bott HP1 E M01AE02 *Ibuprofen syrup is not to be used in children less than 3 months Paracetamol 500mg tab HP1 E N02BE01 Paracetamol 125mg supp CHC1 V N02BE01 Paracetamol 250mg supp CHC1 E N02BE01 Paracetamol 120mg/5ml bott HP1 E N02BE01 *Not recommended for anti-inflammatory use due to lack of proven benefit to that effect 2.2 Opioid analgesics Codeine phosphate 30mg scored tab Hosp E N02AA08 Fentanyl citrate 50mcg/ml amp(2ml) Spec E N02AB03 Morphine sulfate 10mg tab Hosp E N02AA01 Morphine sulfate 30mg SR tab Hosp E N02AA01 Morphine sulfate 10mg/5ml oral liq Hosp E N02AA01 Morphine (sulfate or HCL) 10mg/ml inj Hosp E N02AA01 Tramadol 50mg tab/cap CHC2 E N02AX02 Tramadol 50mg/ml (2ml) amp CHC2 E N02AX02 3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS Dexamethasone phosphate 4mg/ml amp(1ml) CHC3 V H02AB02 Dexamethasone phosphate 4mg scored tab CHC1 E H02AB03 Methylprednisolone 125mg/ml vial Spec V H02AB04 Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC Epinephrine(Adrenaline) (as HCl or hydrogen tartrate) 1mg/ml amp(1ml) HP1 V C01CA24 Hydrocortisone sodium succinate 100mg vial CHC3 V H02AB09 Prednisolone 5mg tab CHC1 E H02AB07 Prednisolone 20mg tab CHC1 E H02AB07 Promethazine hydrochloride 25mg tab CHC2 E D04AA10 Cetirizine 5mg/5ml bott HP1 E R06AE07 4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS 4.1 Non-specific Charcoal activated 50g bott HP1 V A07BA01 *Procure Charcoal in small amount 4.2 Specific *Procure all specific antidote in small amount Atropine sulfate 1mg/ml amp(1ml) CHC1 V A03BA01 Acetylcysteine 200mg/ml amp(10ml) CHC3 V V03AB23 Calcium Gluconate 100mg/ml amp(10ml) HP1 V A12AA03 Flumazenil 0.5mg/ml 10ml Hosp V V03AB25 Penicillamine 250mg tab/cap Hosp E M01CC01 Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC 5. ANTICONVULSANTS /ANTIEPILEPTICS Carbamazepine 200mg scored tab HP1 V N03AF01 Diazepam 5mg/ml amp(2ml) HP2 V N05BA01 Magnesium sulphate (50% Concentration) 500mg/ml amp(10ml) HP1 V B05XA05 * For use in eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia and not for other convulsion disorders Phenobarbital sodium 200mg/ml amp(2ml) CHC1 V N03AA02 Phenobarbital sodium 30mg tab HP1 E N03AA03 Phenobarbital sodium 100mg tab HP1 E N03AA04 Phenytoin sodium 25mg tab/cap Hosp E N03AB02 Phenytoin sodium 50mg tab Hosp E N03AB03 Phenytoin sodium 100mg tab/cap Hosp E N03AB04 Phenytoin Sodium 50mg/ml vial(5ml) Hosp V N03AB05 Valproic acid (sodium valproate) 200mg/5ml bott Hosp V N03AG01 Valproic acid (sodium valproate) 200mg tab CHC3 E N03AG02 *Avoid use in pregnancy and in women and girls of child-bearing potential, unless alternative treatments are ineffective or not tolerated because of the high risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in children exposed to valproate in the womb. Levetiracetam 250mg tab Spec E N03AX14 Essential Medicines Strength Preparation Level of Use VEN category ATC *Procure levetiracetam in small amount for HNGV Neonatology dep. Only 6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES 6.1 Antelminths 6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthics Albendazole 400mg tab HP1 E P02CA03 Pyrantel (as embionate or pamoate) 50mg/ml bott HP1 E P02CC01 Pyrantel (as embionate or pamoate) 250mg tab HP1 E P02CC01 6.1.2 Antifilarials, antischistozomal anti trematode Diethylcarbamazine dihydrogen citrate 100mg tab HP1 E P02CB02 6.1.3 Cysticidal medicines Albendazole 400mg tab HP1 E P02CA03 6.2 Antibacterials Group 1- Access group antibiotics Amoxicillin 500mg scored tab HP1 V J01CA04 Amoxicillin 125mg/5ml bott HP1 V J01CA04 Amoxicillin 500 mg + clavulanic acid 125 mg 625mg tab HP1 V J01CR02 Amoxicillin 125 mg + clavulanic acid 31.25 mg 125mg+31.25m g/5ml bott HP1 V J01CR02 Ampicillin sodium 1g vial CHC2 V J01CA01 Benzathine benzylpenicillin (=900mg) 1.2 million IU vial(5ml) HP1 V J01CE08 Benzathine benzylpenicillin (=1.8g) 2.4 million IU vial(5ml) HP1 V J01CE08 Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) (600mg) 1 million IU vial HP1 V J01CE01 Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) (3g) 5 million IU vial HP1 V J01CE01 Cefazolin sodium 1g vial Hosp V J01DB04 *Cefazolin sodium injection is to be used for surgical prophylaxis (use in children above 1 month of age) Cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim) 400mg+80mg tab HP1 E J01EE01 Cotrimoxazole (sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim) 200mg + 40mg/5ml bott HP1 V J01EE01 Chloramphenicol sodium succinate 1g vial CHC3 V J01BA01 Clindamycin phosphate 150mg cap Hosp N J01FF01 Clindamycin phosphate 150mg/ml vial(2ml) Hosp N J01FF01 Cloxacillin 500mg scored tab HP1 E J01CF02 Cloxacillin 500mg vial CHC3 V J01CF02 Cloxacillin 125mg/5ml bott HP1 V J01CF02 Doxycycline 100mg tab HP1 E J01AA02 *Use in children Gentamicin sulfate 40mg/ml vial(2ml) CHC2 V J01GB03 Metronidazole 500mg pessary Hosp N P01AB01 Metronidazole benzoate 200mg/5ml bott HP1 E J01XD01 Metronidazole 500mg scored tab HP1 E J01XD01 Metronidazole 500mg/100ml vial CHC3 V J01XD01 Nitrofurantoin 100mg tab HP1 E J01XE01 Ofloxacin 400mg tab Spec E J01MA01 Phenoemethylpenicillin 250mg tab HP1 E J01CE02 Phenoemethylpenicillin 250mg/5ml bott HP1 E J01CE02 Procaine benzylpenicillin (3g) 3million IU vial CHC1 E J01CE09 Procaine benzylpenicillin (1g) 1million IU vial CHC1 E J01CE09 *Procaine benzyl penicillin is not recommended as first line treatment for neonatal sepsis except in settings with high neonatal mortality Group 2-Watch group antibiotics Azithromycin 500mg scored tab CHC1 E J01FA10 Azithromycin 200mg/5ml bott CHC1 E J01FA10 Cefdinir 250mg/ml bott CHC2 E J01DD15 Cefixime trihydrate 400mg tab CHC1 E J01DD08 *Cefixime trihydrate is listed for single-dose treatment of uncomplicated anogenital gonorrhea only Cefotaxime 250mg vial Hosp E J01DD01 *Cefotaxime: 3rd generation cephalosporin of choice for use in hospitalized neonates Ceftazidime 1g vial HNGV E J01DD02 *First Choice - Endophthalmitis Cefuroxime Axetil 250mg tab Hosp E J01DC02 Cefuroxime 750mg vial Hosp V J01DC02 Cefuroxime Axetil 125mg/5ml bott Hosp V J01DC02 Ceftriaxone 1g vial Hosp V J01DD04 *Ceftriaxone: Do not administer with calcium and avoid in infant with hyperbilirubinemia, >41 weeks corrected gestational age Ciprofloxacin 500mg scored tab CHC2 E J01MA02 Clarithromycin 500mg cap/tab Hosp N J01FA09 *Clarithromycin is used in combination regimens (with omeprazole and amoxicillin) for eradication of H. Pylori in adults Erythromycin (stearate or ethyl succinate) 250mg tab HP1 E J01FA01 Erythromycin (stearate or ethyl succinate) 125mg/5ml bott HP1 V J01FA01 Fusidic Acid 500mg tab HNGV N J01XC01 *Fusidic Acid is to be used by HNGV ORTHOPAEDIC Department only Kanamycin 500mg/2ml vial Spec E J01GB04 Levofloxacin 250mg tab Spec E J01MA12 Amikacin 500mg/2ml vial Spec E J01GB06 *Need to do the Blood Culture before indicating this Medicine Levofloxacin 500mg/100ml vial Spec E J01MA12 Meropenem 1g vial Spec V J01DH02 *Need to do the Blood Culture before indicating this Medicine Minocycline 100 mg tab Spec E J01AA0 Piperacillin + tazobactam 2gram+250mg vial HNGV V J01CR05 *Need to do the Blood Culture before indicating this Medicine Rifampicin 300mg tab Spec E J04AB02 Vancomycin 500mg vial HNGV V G01AF01 *Need to do the Blood Culture before indicating this Medicine Group 3-Reserve group antibiotics Linezolid 600mg tab Spec E J01XX08 *Need to do the Blood Culture before indicating this Medicine 6.2.1 Other group (quinolone antimicrobial group) Not included in the AWaRe classification of antibiotics Nalidixic acid 500mg scored tab CHC 2 E J01MB02 6.2.2 Antileprosy medicines Rifampicin 300mg + Dapsone 100mg PB-A Tab/Cap Paucibacillary Adult L blisters (6) HP1 E J04BA50 Rifampicin 300mg + Clofazimine 100mg + Dapsone 100mg MB-A Multibacillary Adult L blisters (12) HP1 E J04BA51 Rifampicin 300mg + Dapsone 50mg PB-C Tab/Cap Paucibacillary Child L blisters (6) HP1 E J04BA50 Rifampicin 300mg + Clofazimine 100mg + Dapsone 100mg MB-C Multibacillary Child L blisters (12) CHC1 E J04BA51 Ofloxacin 400mg tab Spec E J01MA01 Minocycline 100mg tab Spec E J01AA08 Clofazimine 50mg tab Spec E J04BA01 Clarithromycin 500mg cap/tab Hosp N J01FA09 6.2.3 Chemoprophylaxis of leprosy Rifampicin 300mg tab Spec E J04AB02 6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines Rifampicin 150mg + Isoniazid 75mg + Pyrazinamide 400mg + Ethambutol 275mg 2RHZE blister HP1 E J04AM06 Rifampicin 150mg + Isoniazid 75mg 4RH blister HP1 E J04AM02 Rifampicin 75 mg + Isoniazid 50 mg + Pyrazinamide 150 mg 2RHZ(Ped) blister HP1 E J04AM05 Rifampicin 75 mg + Isoniazid 50 mg 4RH(Ped) blister HP1 E J04AM02 Ethambutol 400mg tab CHC2 E J04AK02 Ethambutol 100mg dispersible tablet CHC2 E J04AK02 Pyrazinamide 400mg tab CHC2 E J04AK01 Isoniazid 300mg tab CHC2 E J04AC01 Levofloxacin 250mg tab Spec E J01MA12 Levofloxacin 500mg/100ml vial Spec E J01MA12 Rifampicin 300mg tab Spec E J04AB02 Clofazimine 50mg tab Spec E J04BA01 Clofazimine 100mg tab Spec E J04BA01 Rifapentine 150mg tab Spec E J04AB05 Rifapentine-isoniazid (HP) 300mg+300mg scored tab HP1 E J04AC51 Bedaquiline 50mg tab Spec E J04AK05 Bedaquiline 400mg tab Spec <td col