20211014-IRENA-Wind_Resource_Measurement_Guidelines_for_Islands_172页_11mb

Introduction and Overview

• Purpose: Guidelines for measuring wind resources on islands, tailored to address unique challenges like smaller turbine sizes, remote locations, and financial constraints.
• Key Goals: Obtain high-quality data for energy production estimates, turbine design, and project financing by ensuring reliability and bankability.

Wind Resource Measurement Techniques

• Core Parameters:
  • Wind Speed: Annual mean (critical), speed distribution, and wind shear (use power-law equations).
  • Direction: Wind rose (direction frequency) to optimize turbine layout.
  • Turbulence: Standard deviation (TI) impacts turbine performance and wear.
  • Temperature: Affects air density and turbine operation (air density formula provided).
• Remote Sensing: Use sodar or lidar for supplementary data (expensive, requires expertise).

Site Selection

• Criteria: Good wind resource, adequate land, grid access, community support, and permissions.
• Constraints: Limited budget, technical resources, and infrastructure for islands.

Measurement Campaign Design

• Equipment: Tall towers (tubular/lattice) or remote sensing (sodar/lidar).
• Height Configurations: Minimize uncertainty by ensuring representative heights (e.g., turbine hub height).
• Redundancy: Deploy multiple anemometers for data reliability.

Operational and Maintenance Phases

• Installation: Safety protocols, proper tower anchoring, and sensor mounting.
• Data Handling: Frequent retrieval (remote preferred), data validation, and documentation.
• Maintenance: Site visits, calibration, and handling environmental challenges (vandalism, corrosion).

Data Analysis and Reporting

• Validation: Automated and manual checks, substitution, and averaging of valid data.
• Reports: Include data recovery, mean speeds, Weibull parameters, wind roses, and turbine suitability metrics.

Final Notes

• Quality Assurance: High data recovery (>90%) is vital for financing; prioritize simplicity and reliability in measurement.
• Adaptation: Guidelines adapted for island-specific constraints (e.g., shorter towers, on-site data retrieval due to poor connectivity).