2012年-世界发展银行全球_Burgos_Wind_Farm_Project____The_Philippines_Technical_Desk_Review_29页_679kb

Burgos Wind Farm Project: Technical Desk Review Summary

Overview

This report is a technical desk review of the Burgos Wind Farm Project, a 30MW wind farm in the northern Philippines, commissioned by the World Bank. The review was conducted by the Wind Energy Department at Risø National Laboratory and focuses on the technical, contractual, and financial aspects of the project. The main goal is to evaluate whether the tender documents and annual energy production estimates are sufficient to support a successful project.

Core Content

• Project Location: Northern Luzon, Philippines
• Developer: PNOC-EDC
• Contract Number: 7140284
• Review Purpose: To provide a second opinion on the technical and contractual framework of the project
• Scope: Limited to tender documents and annual energy production estimates, with no detailed design yet available

Main Findings

1. Wind Data and Methodology

• The wind data collected appears to be of sufficient quality for financial analysis.
• The data collection duration of one year is considered the minimum by international standards.
• The extrapolation to hub height introduces some uncertainty, but it is still deemed acceptable for financial analysis.

2. Wind Turbine Specifications

• The documents do not specify a particular turbine model but allow for a range of options.
• The use of the term "Certificate of Design Approval" is not recognized under the IEC WT01 standard.
• It is recommended to specify a turbine class and require full IEC WT01 Type Certification.
• Site-specific modifications should have a Design Evaluation certificate according to IEC WT01.

3. Annual Energy Production (AEP)

• The AEP estimate provided by PNOC-EDC is considered realistic when compared to the calculations by Risø using the Vestas V80 2MW turbine.
• However, the AEP used in financial analysis appears to be an average between Vestas and Mitsubishi estimates, which could lead to misleading results.
• It is recommended to use the lowest production estimate to ensure a conservative financial analysis.

4. Grid Integration and System Impact Study (SIS)

• A System Impact Study was conducted for the original 40MW project, showing that grid integration was acceptable with reactive power compensation.
• The grid connection has been downsized to 115kV, and PNOC-EDC considers it sufficient for the 30MW project.
• A new SIS is required, and the contractor is obliged to conduct it.

5. Investment Cost Estimates

• The cost estimates appear high compared to international standards, but they are considered realistic given the project’s constraints, such as site access, typhoon risk, and loan arrangements.

6. Contract Documents

• The structure of the contract documents follows general good practice, with Volume 1 containing commercial provisions and Volume 2 technical specifications.
• Some clauses are unclear or repetitive, and there are conflicts between sections that need to be resolved.
• The contract places a significant burden on the Contractor to provide documentation at various stages, which can be time-consuming.
• The Defects Liability period is set at two years, which is at the lower end of typical periods. There is a trend towards five years in the industry.
• The contract does not include Liquidated Damages for failing to meet the power factor requirement, which could be a concern for the grid operator.
• The Contractor is required to maintain the wind farm for two years, with a fixed O&M cost of 288,000 USD per year.

7. Guaranteed Items and Liquidated Damages

• Defects Guarantee: The Contractor is responsible for repairing or replacing defects for two years. A generic/serial defect (more than 10% of the same equipment) triggers a full redesign and re-certification.
• Availability Guarantee: Minimum availability is 65% in the first month, increasing to 95% by the end of the defects liability period.
• Performance Curve Guarantee: One turbine must be tested per IEC61400-12:1998, with penalties based on capacity deficit:
  • Deficit < 1000kW: 1500 USD per kW
  • 1000kW < Deficit < 2000kW: 3000 USD per kW
  • Deficit > 2000kW: 4000 USD per kW
• Noise Level Guarantee: If the wind farm exceeds noise levels, the Contractor must either gain an exemption or correct the installation.
• Transformer Loss Guarantee: Penalties apply if transformer losses exceed the guaranteed values:
  • No-load losses: 10.5 USD per W over the guarantee
  • Full-load losses: 2.5 USD per W over the guarantee

8. Recommendations

• The wind turbine specifications should be more precise and include IEC WT01 Type Certification.
• The contract should clarify the Defects Liability period and the stages at which Liquidated Damages apply.
• The use of a standard AEP estimate should be replaced with the lowest production estimate for conservative financial planning.
• The contract should ensure that all payments are aligned with the Disbursement Schedule and clarify how they are to be made.
• The contractor should be required to submit a complete and updated System Impact Study.
• The contract should include an Escrow agreement to protect against insolvency.
• The use of "readily identifiable milestones" should be clearly defined and matched with the project schedule.

Key Issues

• The wind turbine selection is not specific enough, potentially leading to unsuitable equipment.
• Some clauses are ambiguous or missing, such as Liquidated Damages for power factor and the location of "Appendix 4" in the contract.
• The contract places a heavy responsibility on PNOC-EDC for site supervision and transmission line construction.
• The use of outdated wind speed data and lack of clarity in some technical and financial terms may affect the project's viability.

Conclusion

Overall, the contract documents and technical specifications provide a solid framework for the Burgos Wind Farm Project. However, there are several areas requiring clarification and improvement, particularly regarding turbine specifications, payment schedules, and the handling of defects and performance guarantees. The review recommends that these issues be addressed to ensure the project's success and alignment with international standards.