2011-12-31-世界卫生组织-2012_GATS_Country_Report_Nigeria_204页_2mb

GATS Nigeria 2012 Summary

Core Content

The Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) Nigeria 2012 is a comprehensive, nationally representative survey that systematically monitors adult tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and tracks key tobacco control indicators. It is the first such survey in Nigeria and aligns with the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), particularly Article 20, which mandates monitoring of tobacco use.

The survey was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) under the coordination of the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), with technical support from WHO and CDC and funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies through the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use. It utilized digital technology for data collection and management, marking a significant step in building local survey capacity.

Main Objectives

• To provide evidence-based data on tobacco use and control in Nigeria.
• To track key indicators across gender, residence, and regions.
• To support policy development and evaluation for tobacco control.
• To fulfill international obligations under the WHO FCTC.

Key Findings

Tobacco Use

• 5.6% (4.7 million) of adults aged 15 years or older used tobacco in 2012.
• 10.0% (4.2 million) of men and 1.1% (0.5 million) of women used tobacco.
• 3.9% (3.1 million) of adults smoked tobacco (7.3% of men and 0.4% of women).
• 3.7% (3.1 million) of adults smoked cigarettes (7.2% of men and 0.3% of women).
• 2.9% of adults were daily smokers (5.6% of men, 0.3% of women).
• 0.9% of adults were occasional smokers (1.8% of men, 0.1% of women).
• Daily cigarette smokers smoked an average of 8 cigarettes per day (7 in urban, 9 in rural areas).
• 55.3% of current daily tobacco users had their first use within 30 minutes of waking.
• 1.9% of adults used smokeless tobacco (2.9% of men, 0.9% of women).
• South East had the highest percentage of smokeless tobacco users.

Smoking Cessation

• 57.5% of former daily smokers had quit for 10 years or more.
• 45.4% of all smokers had made a quit attempt in the past 12 months.
• 60% of current smokers who attempted to quit did so without assistance.
• 61.2% of current smokers who visited a healthcare provider in the past 12 months received quit advice.
• Only 35.6% of current smokers planned to quit in the next 12 months.

Secondhand Smoke Exposure

• 17.3% (2.7 million) of adults who worked indoors were exposed to secondhand smoke in their workplace in the past 30 days.
• 6.6% (5.2 million) of adults were exposed to secondhand smoke at home.
• Among non-smokers, 4.6% (3.5 million) were exposed to secondhand smoke at home (3.7% of men, 5.4% of women).
• 29.3% of adults who visited public places were exposed to secondhand smoke in restaurants (27.6% of non-smokers).
• 9.4% (9.0% of non-smokers) were exposed in public transportation.
• 16.7% (16.4% of non-smokers) in government buildings.
• 5.3% (5.2% of non-smokers) in health-care facilities.

Tobacco Economics

• The median monthly expenditure on manufactured cigarettes was N1,202.5.
• Median cost for 20 manufactured cigarettes was N187.7.
• Cigarette affordability was 7.1% of per capita GDP.
• The six most purchased brands were: Benson & Hedges (44.3%), Rothmans (19.5%), London White (9.7%), Aspen (6.9%), Don Chester (4.8%), and Standard (1.9%).

Media and Awareness

• 41.2% of adults noticed anti-cigarette information in the last 30 days.
• 45.2% of current smokers and 41.1% of non-smokers noticed such information.
• 26.7% of current smokers considered quitting due to warning labels.
• The South East region had the highest exposure to anti-cigarette information (48.1%).

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions

• 80% of adults believed smoking causes serious illness.
• 74.5% believed secondhand smoke causes serious illness in non-smokers.
• 36.4% of smokeless tobacco users believed it causes serious illness.
• 69.5% of non-users shared the same belief.
• 88.5% of adults favored increasing tobacco taxes.
• 89.7% of adults supported a complete ban on tobacco advertising.
• 64.5% of current smokers and over 90% of non-smokers supported the ban.

Key Recommendations

• Expand smoke-free policies to public places currently not protected.
• Integrate cessation services into healthcare systems, especially for those who attempt to quit without assistance.
• Enhance anti-tobacco media campaigns with a focus on behavior change.
• Implement and enforce tobacco control measures, including advertising bans and increased taxation.
• Continue regular GATS monitoring to assess trends and evaluate interventions.
• Strengthen public health policies to address the growing tobacco epidemic and prevent its adverse effects on public health.

Conclusion

The GATS Nigeria 2012 survey has provided critical data on the magnitude of tobacco use and key control indicators, highlighting the need for effective and sustained tobacco control policies. It has also demonstrated the potential of digital technology in data collection and the importance of public awareness in shaping tobacco control efforts. The findings support the WHO FCTC and the MPOWER framework, offering a foundation for targeted interventions and policy development in Nigeria.