2022-11-17-世界卫生组织-Oral_Health_Malawi_2022_country_profile_2页_662kb

Oral Health Country Profile Summary

Core Content Overview

This document presents an overview of the oral health situation in a specific country, covering disease burden, risk factors, economic impact, and the national health system's response to oral health issues.

Main Oral Disease Burden

• Untreated Caries in Deciduous Teeth (Children 1-9 years):

  • Prevalence: 40.6%
  • Definition: Lesions in pit or fissure, or on smooth tooth surface with cavity, undermined enamel, or detectably softened floor or wall (coronal caries), or soft/leathery to probing (root caries).

• Untreated Caries in Permanent Teeth (People 5+ years):

  • Prevalence: 31.4%
  • Definition: Same as above.

• Severe Periodontal Disease (People 15+ years):

  • Prevalence: 18.8%
  • Definition: Gingival pocket depth ≥6 mm, CPI score of 4, or clinical attachment loss >6 mm.

• Edentulism (People 20+ years):

  • Prevalence: 2.3%
  • Definition: Complete loss of natural teeth.

Risk Factors for Oral Diseases

• Per Capita Sugar Availability (g/day):

  • Total: 15.4 g/day
  • Definition: Includes raw, refined, and confectionery sugar.

• Tobacco Use (15+ years):

  • Female: 4.3%
  • Male: 18.2%
  • Total: 11.3%
  • Definition: Daily or non-daily use of any tobacco product.

• Alcohol Consumption (15+ years):

  • Female: 1.6 litres/year
  • Male: 6.8 litres/year
  • Total: 4.1 litres/year
  • Definition: Total per capita consumption, including recorded and unrecorded.

Economic Impact

• Total Dental Healthcare Expenditure (2019): $2.5 million
• Per Capita Dental Healthcare Expenditure (2019): $0.1
• Total Productivity Losses (2019): $13 million due to 5 untreated oral diseases
• Affordability of Fluoride Toothpaste:
  • Defined as the number of labour days needed to buy an annual supply.
  • Fluoride toothpaste is considered affordable if ≤1 day of labour is needed.

National Health System Response

• Tax on Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB): Yes
• National Oral Health Policy/Strategy/Action Plan: Yes (operational or in drafting stage)
• Dedicated Staff for Oral Health on NCDs at MoH: Yes
• Noma Recognized as a National Public Health Problem: No

Oral Health Workforce

• Dental Assistants and Therapists:

  • Total number: 180 (data year 2009)
  • Per 10,000 population: Not specified

• Dental Prosthetic Technicians:

  • Data not available

• Dentists:

  • Total number: 31 (data year 2018)
  • Per 10,000 population: 0.0

Availability of Procedures in Primary Care Facilities

• Oral Health Screening: Available
• Urgent Treatment for Emergency Oral Care & Pain Relief: Available
• Basic Restorative Dental Procedures: Available
• Definition of Availability: "Generally available" means ≥50% of patients in need can access the service.

Oral Health Interventions in Health Benefit Packages

• Routine and Preventive Care: Yes
• Essential Curative Care: Yes
• Advanced Curative Care: No
• Rehabilitative Care: No
• Definition of Largest Government Health Financing Scheme: Includes services for the general population, public sector employees, and/or military.

Key Information

• Population (2020): 19,377,000
• Per Capita Health Expenditure (2019): $82 (in PPP)
• Data Sources:
  • Population and health expenditure data: United Nations and WHO
  • Disease prevalence and cancer statistics: GBD 2019 and Global Cancer Observatory
  • Workforce and policy data: WHO NCD Country Capacity Survey and National Health Workforce Accounts

Notes

• The data provided is based on estimates and reports from various international organizations and studies.
• Some data fields are marked as "..." indicating missing or unspecified information.
• The affordability of fluoride toothpaste is based on the daily wage of the lowest-skilled government worker.