> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # **Summary of the 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)** ## **Core Content** The 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report highlights the intersection of poverty and climate hazards, emphasizing how climate change is compounding the challenges faced by the world's poorest populations. The report is a collaborative effort involving numerous researchers, editors, and reviewers, and its cover design combines human vision and artificial intelligence. ## **Main Findings** - **Global Poverty Overview**: Out of 6.3 billion people in 109 countries, **1.1 billion (18.3%)** live in acute multidimensional poverty. - **Severe Poverty**: **43.6%** of the poor (about 501 million people) are in severe poverty, meaning they are deprived in half or more of the weighted MPI indicators. - **Geographical Distribution**: - **Sub-Saharan Africa** and **South Asia** account for **83.2%** of all multidimensionally poor people. - **Sub-Saharan Africa** has the highest proportion of poor people, with **56%** of its population in poverty. - **South Asia** has **34%** of the global total of poor people. - **Children and Poverty**: Children under 18 make up **33.6%** of the global MPI population, yet they account for **51%** of all multidimensionally poor people. **27.8%** of children live in multidimensional poverty, more than double the rate among adults. - **Rural Poverty**: **83.5%** of all multidimensionally poor people live in **rural areas**, despite these areas housing only **54.9%** of the global population. - **Middle-Income Countries**: These countries are a **hidden epicenter** of multidimensional poverty, housing **64.5%** of the global poor (about **740 million people**). - **Lower-middle-income countries** have the highest share and number of people in poverty. - **61.7%** of people who cook with solid fuels and **57.7%** of those without improved sanitation live in middle-income countries. - **Climate Hazards and Poverty**: - **80%** of poor people are exposed to at least one of the four climate hazards: **high heat, drought, floods, and air pollution**. - **651 million** people face **two or more climate hazards**, and **309 million** face **three or four**. - **Sub-Saharan Africa** and **South Asia** are the most exposed to overlapping climate hazards. - **South Asia** has the highest number of poor people exposed to climate hazards, with **99.1%** of its poor living in regions affected by at least one hazard. - **Climate Impact on Future Poverty**: Countries with higher current poverty levels are expected to face **greater temperature increases**, potentially increasing the number of high heat days by **37 per year by 2040–2059** and **92 by 2080–2099** under a high-emissions scenario. - **Subnational Inequalities**: **101 countries** have subnational data, showing **significant disparities** within countries. For example: - In **Senegal**, poverty rates range from **12.9%** in Dakar to **85.8%** in Kaffrine. - In **Lao People's Democratic Republic**, the poverty rate in **Savannakhet** is **35.1%**, compared to **17.8%** nationally. - **Trends in Poverty Reduction**: - **88 countries** have harmonized trend data, showing progress in reducing poverty. - **76 countries** have seen a reduction in MPI values over time. - **Only 16 countries** have recorded a statistically significant reduction in MPI and poverty incidence in recent periods (2021–2022 or later). - **Benin, Cambodia, and Tanzania** showed the **fastest reductions** in MPI values. - **Afghanistan and Kyrgyzstan** experienced **increases** in both MPI values and poverty incidence. - **Post-Pandemic Stagnation**: Poverty reduction has **stagnated** in many areas post-pandemic, with **83 periods** showing no significant change and **2 periods** showing an increase. - **Data Coverage**: The 2025 MPI uses the most recent data from **109 countries**, with **subnational data** available for **1,359 regions**. However, **only 3 of the 20 poorest countries** have data from **2021–2022 or later**, highlighting a need for more up-to-date data in the poorest regions. ## **Key Points** - **Children** are disproportionately affected by multidimensional poverty. - **Middle-income countries** have a **hidden role** in poverty, despite lower overall poverty rates. - **Climate hazards** are a **major factor** in the lives of the poor, with **overlapping risks** common in **sub-Saharan Africa** and **South Asia**. - **Subnational data** reveal **deep inequalities** that go beyond national averages. - **Trends show mixed progress**, with some regions and countries experiencing **significant reductions**, while others have seen **stagnation or increases**. - **Poverty reduction is uneven**, and **more frequent data** are needed to effectively monitor and address multidimensional poverty. ## **Methodology** - The **MPI** is calculated using **10 indicators** across **health, education, and standard of living**. - Each **indicator is equally weighted**, with **health and education** each weighted **1/6** and **standard of living** indicators weighted **1/18**. - A person is considered **multidimensionally poor** if their **deprivation score** is **33.3% or higher**. - **MPI = H × A**, where **H** is the **incidence of poverty** and **A** is the **intensity of poverty**. - The **data sources** include **Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys**, **Demographic and Health Surveys**, and **national surveys** from **2013 to 2023–2024**. ## **Conclusion** The 2025 MPI report underscores the **interconnectedness of poverty and climate change**, calling for **urgent action** to address both issues. It highlights the **need for more frequent and comprehensive data collection**, especially in **poorest and most vulnerable regions**, to ensure that **no one is left behind** in the pursuit of sustainable development.