2014年-IMF国际货币组织全球_Bolivia_Fiscal_Transparency_Assessment_90页_1mb

报告摘要

BOLIVIA: FISCAL TRANSPARENCY ASSESSMENT (February 2014)

Core Content Overview

This document presents the Fiscal Transparency Assessment for Bolivia, conducted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2014. The assessment is based on the Fiscal Transparency Code (2013), which evaluates fiscal transparency in three main pillars: presentation of fiscal reports, fiscal forecasting and budgeting, and analysis and management of fiscal risks. It provides an evaluation of current practices, identifies areas for improvement, and outlines recommendations and an action plan to enhance fiscal transparency and risk analysis in Bolivia.

Main Views and Key Findings

1. Fiscal Transparency Progress

Bolivia has made significant progress in fiscal transparency since the adoption of the 2009 Political Constitution, which emphasized transparency as a core principle.
The Ministry of Economy and Public Finance (MEFP) has taken steps to improve the preparation, approval, and execution of fiscal information.
In 2012, the MEFP obtained ISO 9001:2008 certification, enhancing the reliability and transparency of fiscal data for the nonfinancial public sector.
An external audit was conducted in 2013 to ensure compliance with the ISO standards.

2. Pillars of Assessment

Pillar I: Presentation of Fiscal Reports

Coverage of Institutions (Advanced): 98% of public sector entities are included in budget reports.
Coverage of Flows (Good): Monthly reporting for nonfinancial public sector operations.
Coverage of Stocks (Good): Financial statements of most entities are published.
Internal Consistency (Advanced): Information across different reports is consistent.
Classification (Good): Use of standardized classifications.
Historical Consistency (Basic): Limited consistency in historical fiscal data.
Comparability (Basic): Limited comparability between fiscal reports.
External Audit (Less than Basic): Central government financial statements are not subject to external audit.
Reliability (Less than Basic): Reliability of fiscal data is not fully assured.

Pillar II: Fiscal Forecasting and Budgeting

Budget Unity (Advanced): Budget is prepared and approved as a unified document.
Gross Budgeting (Advanced): Budgeting is done in gross terms.
Budget Submission (Good): Budget is submitted on time.
Budget Approval (Good): Budget is approved within the required timeframe.
Fiscal Policy Objectives (Good): Objectives are identified in budget documentation.
Medium-Term Budget Framework (Less than Basic): No formal MTBF in place.
Forecast Reconciliation (Less than Basic): No reconciliation process between forecasts and actuals.
Distributional Analysis (Advanced): Analysis of fiscal impacts on different groups is performed.
Supplementary Budget (Good): One or few supplementary budgets are approved annually.

Pillar III: Analysis and Management of Fiscal Risks

Macroeconomic Risks (Basic): Limited analysis of macroeconomic risks.
Specific Fiscal Risks (Less than Basic): No comprehensive report on specific fiscal risks.
Contingency Reserves (Good): Contingency reserves are maintained.
Asset and Liability Management (Advanced): Good management of assets and liabilities.
Guarantees (Good): Guarantees are well managed.
Sub-national Governments (Good): Public sector entities at the sub-national level are well monitored.
Public Corporations (Good): Financial information of public corporations is published.
Long-Term Contracts (Good): Information on long-term contracts is available.
Financial Derivatives (Not Applicable): No derivatives are reported.
Fiscal Sustainability Analysis (Basic): Limited analysis of fiscal sustainability.

Key Recommendations

Practice	Recommendation	Deadline
Coverage of Assets and Liabilities	Include natural resource reserves in central government financial statements	2016
Tax Expenditure	Prepare an annual tax expenditure report, identifying beneficiaries and exemptions	2015
Budget, Statistical, and Accounting Classifications	Harmonize classifications with GFSM2001 standards	2015
Historical Consistency	Maintain parallel historical series for significant changes	2015
Comparability of Fiscal Information	Standardize sectorization in fiscal reports	2016
External Audit and Reliability	Conduct independent audit of central government financial statements	2015
Medium-Term Budget Framework	Develop a 3-year MTBF covering all public sector entities	2018
Separation of Current and New Policies	Clearly distinguish between current and new policies in budget documents	2015
Fiscal Sustainability Analysis	Include multiple scenarios (pessimistic, average, optimistic) for fiscal aggregates over 20 years	2016
Supplementary Budget	Improve realism of forecasts and update macroeconomic projections	2016
Annual Fiscal Risk Report	Prepare a comprehensive report on fiscal risks and contingent liabilities	2017
Actuarial Study of Social Security	Conduct a 30-year actuarial study for social security regimes	2017

Conclusions

Bolivia has implemented advanced and good fiscal transparency practices, particularly in reporting coverage, budget execution, and fiscal information management.
However, basic or less than basic practices remain in areas such as tax expenditure reporting, external audit, fiscal sustainability analysis, and comprehensive fiscal risk reporting.
The government is making progress in developing a medium-term budget framework and improving the consistency and reliability of fiscal data.
The assessment underscores the need for further reforms to ensure comparability, transparency, and reliability of fiscal information, especially in light of international crises and the importance of macrofiscal policy.

Appendices and Supporting Information

List of Abbreviations: Includes key terms and institutions like MEFP, BCB, GFSM2001, etc.
Tables: Summarize the assessment results and recommendations.
Figures: Illustrate the coverage of fiscal reports, budget execution, and debt management.
Annexes:
- Annex 2: Action plan for implementing recommendations.
- Annex 3: Methodology for the fiscal transparency assessment.