2022-12-29-联合国环境署-2022年全球建筑建造业现状报告_101页_36mb

Summary of the 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction

# Summary of the 2022 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction

## Introduction & Context
- The **buildings and construction sector** remains off track from meeting climate goals despite some positive developments since the COVID-19 pandemic.
- The Global Buildings Climate Tracker shows a **significant rebound** in energy use and emissions in 2021 after pandemic-related declines.
- Key challenges include **policy implementation gaps**, insufficient investment, and slow structural changes in the sector.

## Key Findings & Status
### Operational & Embodied Carbon
- Global **operational CO₂ emissions** from buildings reached an all-time high of approximately **10 GtCO₂** in 2021.
- Energy intensity remained largely unchanged since 2019.
- Construction materials (concrete, steel, aluminium) contribute significantly to emissions, accounting for approximately **3-6% of global energy use** and similar share of emissions.

### Policy & Investment
- **Progress on building codes** remains limited, with only 26% of countries having mandatory codes for both residential and non-residential buildings.
- Investment in energy efficiency increased by **~16%** in 2021 (€237 billion globally) but remains insufficient to meet Paris Agreement targets.
- **Green building certifications** grew by **19%**, but national policies are lagging.

### Africa Focus
- Africa's buildings sector faces unique challenges, including **rapid urbanization** (population projected to double by 2050) and limited access to energy (56% of population lives in informal housing).
- **Localized solutions**, traditional construction techniques, and policy alignment are emphasized.

## Challenges & Recommendations
### Main Challenges
- **Decarbonization gap**: Buildings sector is not reducing emissions fast enough to align with Paris Agreement goals.
- **Policy implementation**: Ambitious policies often lack enforcement and follow-up.
- **Investment constraints**: Rising costs and inflation threaten sustainability investments.
- **Embodied carbon**: Emissions from material production ("embodied carbon") remain under-addressed.

### Recommendations
1. **Establish coalitions** to set targets and strategies for zero-emission, efficient, and resilient buildings.
2. **Implement mandatory building energy codes** with performance-based standards aiming for zero-carbon buildings.
3. **Increase investment** in energy efficiency, utilizing financial and non-financial incentives.
4. **Develop zero-carbon strategies** for new and existing buildings at jurisdictional levels.
5. **Commit building materials industries** to reducing emissions throughout their value chains.
6. **Adopt life-cycle assessment** in policies to consider both embodied and operational carbon.
7. **Promote circular economies** in construction through reuse, recycling, and sustainable material use.
8. **Build capacity** in fast-growing economies like Africa and Asia for sustainable construction practices.

## Roadmaps
- **Existing roadmaps**: Global, ASEAN, Africa, and regional roadmaps demonstrate pathways to sustainable buildings.
- **Emerging activities**: Development of country-specific roadmaps for regions like the Arab League and greater Bay Area.

## Conclusion
The **urgent need** for transformative action in the buildings sector cannot be overstated. While some positive trends exist, the **current pace is insufficient** to achieve global climate goals. Comprehensive policy implementation, sustained investment, and systemic change are required to transition to a zero-emission, efficient, and resilient buildings sector by 2050.