未来能源研究所-找到合适的工作_哪些工作能很好地匹配化石燃料工人的技能_（英）-2025.3_102页_1mb

Report Summary: Fossil Fuel Workforce Skills Matching

About the Authors:

• Jacob Greenspon (Harvard Kennedy School, Queen’s, McGill) doctoral candidate researching economics
• Daniel Raimi (Resources for the Future fellow, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy) expert on energy policy

Report Objective:
To investigate job opportunities with good skills-matches for workers leaving coal, oil, and natural gas industries, including wage parity and sector growth.

Methodology:
Used Occupational Information Network (O*NET) skills assessments, matched against 31 high fossil fuel concentration (FFC ≥5%) occupations. Analyzed job growth projections, salary comparisons and examined gaps in workforce training programs.

Key Findings:

1. Significant but Problematic Skill Matches

• Many low-emissions sectors offer occupations with “good-matches” for fossil fuel workers’ skills.
• Most alternative jobs with comparable skills offer lower wages than current fossil fuel roles (Waning Pay Premium).

2. Limited High-Paying Good-Matches

• Occupations with high salaries ($100k+ e.g., petroleum engineers) had few good-match alternatives with similar pay and minimal skills gaps.
• Transportation, construction and rail industries offered many opportunities, particularly for lower-wage workers.

3. Geographic and Labor Mobility Constraints:

• New clean energy job areas often diverge geographically from fossil fuel employment zones.
• Many workers lack the resources and mobility for transition.

4. Inadequate Training Infrastructure:

• Education programs are oriented toward traditional fossil fuel extraction rather than new low-emissions technologies.
• Insufficient training exists, particularly for hydrogen, CCUS, and critical minerals sectors.

5. Low-Emissions Sectors Offer Opportunity:

• While facing challenges, critical minerals, hydrogen, and CCUS sectors present good-match opportunities.
• Construction, heat pump installation and maintenance offer considerable prospects for re-skill.

Recommendations:

• Prioritize shorter-term income replacement for displaced fossil fuel workers.
• Scale up infrastructure training programs (construction, electrical trades, heat pumps).
• Develop regional mapping of clean energy job growth versus oil/gas zones.

Limitations (Section 3.5):

• O*NET skills database may not fully capture worker experience.
• Postsecondary data limited to formal programs; excludes apprenticeships/alternative training pathways.

Citing this report:
Greenspon, Jacob, and Daniel Raimi. (2024). Finding the Right Fit: What Jobs Offer a Good Match for Fossil Fuel Workers’ Skills? Resources for the Future.