20111031-IEA-G20_Clean_Energy,_and_Energy_Efficiency_Deployment_and_Policy_Progress_52页_1mb

G-20 Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency Deployment and Policy Progress Summary

Core Content

This report, developed in co-operation with the G-20 Clean Energy and Energy Efficiency (C3E) Working Group, outlines the progress in clean energy technology deployment and policy development among G-20 countries. It is based on the C3E Working Group questionnaire and includes data from the IEA's Policies and Measures Database, as well as official statistics. The report focuses on six key areas: energy efficiency, renewable power, nuclear power, renewable heating and cooling, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and transport.

Main Objectives of the IEA

The International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1974 with two main objectives:

• To promote energy security through collective response to oil supply disruptions.
• To provide authoritative research and analysis on reliable, affordable, and clean energy.

The report highlights the importance of energy efficiency and clean technologies in achieving sustainable global growth and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Key Technologies and Policies

Energy Efficiency

Energy efficiency is seen as a critical resource for meeting future energy needs and reducing emissions. It is implemented through various policy instruments across different sectors, including buildings, appliances, lighting, and industry.

Policy Instruments

• Regulatory building codes: Set energy efficiency standards for new buildings, with plans to enhance their stringency.
• Voluntary approaches: Used as a preliminary step for countries developing energy efficiency policies.
• Economic instruments: Include grants, tax reductions, and preferential loan systems to incentivize energy efficiency investments.
• Energy certification schemes: Aim to inform buyers and renters about building energy efficiency. Examples include LEED (US), BREAM (UK), and HQE (France).
• Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) and Labels (S&L): Applied to building components, with the EU expanding its scope to include more energy-related products.

Renewable Power

Renewable power technologies, such as wind, solar PV, and hydro, have shown significant growth. The report highlights the progress made in these areas and the policies supporting their deployment.

Nuclear Power

Nuclear power remains a key source of low-carbon electricity, though its growth has been stagnant in recent years. The report discusses the current status of nuclear power in G-20 countries and the regulatory frameworks in place.

Renewable Heating and Cooling

Renewable heating and cooling technologies, including solar thermal heat, have seen moderate growth. The report identifies barriers to their implementation, such as lack of awareness and high initial costs.

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)

CCS is considered essential for reducing emissions from fossil fuel-based power generation. The report notes that only 8 large-scale projects are currently operational.

Transport

The transport sector is heavily reliant on fossil fuels, with oil accounting for 94% of energy supply. The report discusses the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel economy policies aimed at reducing emissions and improving efficiency.

Key Findings

• Energy Efficiency Progress: Energy efficiency policies have made substantial progress, particularly in the building and appliance sectors.
• Renewable Growth: Renewable energy technologies, especially solar PV and wind, have experienced high growth rates (56% and 27%, respectively).
• Fossil Fuel Dependency: Despite progress in clean technologies, the world still heavily depends on fossil fuels, with coal meeting nearly 50% of new electricity demand.
• CO₂ Emissions: Energy-related CO₂ emissions have steadily increased over the past decade, reaching a historic high in 2010.
• G-20 Role: G-20 countries account for nearly 80% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions, highlighting their responsibility in reducing emissions and promoting clean energy.

G-20 Countries Involved

The G-20 C3E Working Group includes the following countries:

• Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States.

Methodology and Scope

• The report is based on the C3E Working Group questionnaire and IEA data.
• It does not include recommendations for action but aims to inform discussions.
• The data is primarily drawn from country submissions, with some historical and statistical data included for context.

Conclusion

The report underscores the importance of energy efficiency and clean technologies in achieving sustainable global growth and reducing emissions. While progress has been made, significant challenges remain, particularly in the transport and power sectors. The G-20 group has a critical role to play in advancing these technologies and implementing effective policies to support their deployment.