世界银行-新兴技术策展系列4-去中心化标识符（英）-2023-29页_1mb

Issue Summary: Decentralized Identifier (DID) Technology and Its Application in Korea

Introduction

This report by the World Bank examines Decentralized Identifier (DID) technology, a globally unique and persistent identifier that enables self-sovereign identity (SSI). It highlights Korea’s progress in DID technology adoption, exploring its potential for development impact, privacy, and efficiency in both public and private sectors.

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Key Components

1. Decentralized Identifier (DID)

   • Did 是 a self-sovereign identity technology allowing users to control their digital identity without relying on centralized authorities.
   • Key features:
     • Cryptographic security
     • Persistent, globally unique identifiers
     • Verifiable credentials (VCs) for digital authentication
   • DID consists of:
     • URI scheme (e.g., did:method), managed by IANA
     • Method specification (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum-based methods)
     • Method-specific identifier (unique reference for DID operations)

2. Advantages of DID

   • Security and Privacy:
     • Reduces risk of data breaches by encrypting and controlling personal data.
     • Avoids unauthorized access to sensitive credentials.
   • Convenience and Business Efficiency:
     • Eliminates repetitive identity verification across platforms.
     • Enables selective sharing of credentials (e.g., proving age without sharing job details).

3. Korea’s Experience

   • Government Initiatives:
     • Ministry of Science and ICT funds blockchain pilot projects, including DID-based platforms for public services.
     • Military Manpower Management Authority (MMA) introduced blockchain authentication apps for secure smartphone-based identity verification.
     • MOIS rolled out mobile digital IDs and driver’s licenses via DID, enhancing administrative efficiency.
   • Private Sector Innovations:
     • Companies like ICONLOOP, Coinplug, and RaonSecure develop DID ecosystems for finance, healthcare, and identity management.
     • Patents and regulatory sandboxes support DID implementation in biometry and blockchain integration.

4. Global Significance

   • DID (W3C standard) offers a solution for managing digital identity globally.
   • Potential to address identity gaps in developing regions, where traditional ID systems are lacking.

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Challenges and Next Steps

• Needs standardized frameworks for cross-platform interoperability.
• Requires addressing technical risks like cybersecurity and regulatory barriers.
• Future potential includes integration into global digital infrastructure for identity verification.

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Conclusion

By leveraging DID, Korea enhances digital governance, privacy, and economic efficiency. The report serves as a blueprint for other nations to adopt and tailor DID for their digital identity solutions.