> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # NCDS (National Committee for Drug Selection) 总结 ## 核心内容 NCDS 是一个国家药品选择委员会，其主要任务是制定和维护国家基本药物清单（Essential Drugs List），以确保医疗系统中使用药物的安全性、有效性和可及性。该清单涵盖了多个系统，包括心血管系统、消化系统、呼吸系统、中枢神经系统等，并提供了每种药物的编号、名称、剂量形式及使用注意事项。 ## 主要观点 - **药品分类清晰**：清单按照系统分类，如心血管、消化、呼吸、中枢神经等，便于药品管理和使用。 - **药品使用规范**：部分药品标注了使用场景，如“仅限于初级卫生保健”或“仅限于重症监护”，确保合理用药。 - **药品形式多样**：包括片剂、注射剂、缓释剂、胶囊、溶液等，满足不同临床需求。 - **药品管理与控制**：部分药物受到特殊管理，如需使用特定设备或仅限特定医疗机构使用。 ## 关键信息 ### 心血管系统 (1) - **正性肌力药物**： - Digoxin 250 mcg scored Tablet - Digoxin 250 mcg/ml (2ml) Ampoule - **利尿剂**： - Furosemide 20mg/2ml Ampoule (IV, IM, 或 slow IV, IM) - Furosemide 40mg Tablet - Hydrochlorothiazide 50mg scored Tablet - Spironolactone 25mg Tablet - **β-肾上腺素能阻断剂**： - Carvedilol 6.25mg Tablet - Propranolol hydrochloride 1mg/ml slow IV (1ml Ampoule) - Propranolol hydrochloride 40mg Tablet - Labetalol hydrochloride 5mg/ml (20ml Ampoule) 或 Vial - Metoprolol tartrate 1mg/1ml (5ml Ampoule) IV - Metoprolol tartrate 50mg Tablet - Carvedilol 25mg Tablet - **抗心律失常药物**： - Adenosine 3mg/ml (2ml) Vial 或 Ampoule - Amiodarone hydrochloride 50mg/ml (3ml) Ampoule - Amiodarone hydrochloride 200mg Tablet - Verapamil hydrochloride 2.5mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule (slow IV) - Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% 20mg/ml 2ml Ampoule - **抗高血压药物**： - Captopril 25mg Tablet - Hydralazine hydrochloride 20mg/ Ampoule (IV, Infusion 或 slow IV) - Methyldopa 250mg Tablet - Losartan potassium 50mg Tablet - Bosentan (as monohydrate) 125mg Tablet - Lisinopril (as base or anhydrous or dihydrate) 10mg Tablet - Metoprolol tartrate 50mg Tablet - **血管扩张剂**： - Amlodipine (as besylate) 5 mg tablet 或 capsule - Diltiazem hydrochloride 60 mg tablet 或 capsule - Glyceryl trinitrate 0.5mg sublingual Tablet - Isosorbide mononitrate 10mg Tablet - Nimodipine 30mg Tablet - Glyceryl trinitrate 5mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule 或 vial（需与 01-F00-069 一起使用） - **拟交感神经药物**： - Dobutamine (as hydrochloride) 250 mg/vial 或 Ampoule (IV infusion) - Dopamine hydrochloride 40mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule 或 vial - Ephedrine hydrochloride 3% (30 mg / ml) 1ml ampoule (slow IV) - Noradrenaline Acid Tartrate 2mg/ml (2 ml or 4ml ampoule)（用于重症监护） - Phenylephrine hydrochloride 50 μg / ml solution for IV injection (10 ml ampoule) ### 消化系统 (2) - **抗酸药**： - Aluminium hydroxide 225mg + Magnesium hydroxide 200mg + Simethicone 25mg -30 /5ml Suspension - **抗痉挛药**： - Hyoscine butylbromide 1mg/ml Syrup - Hyoscine butylbromide 20mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule (IM, slow IV, SC 或 IM) - Hyoscine butylbromide 10mg Tablet - **促进胃溃疡愈合的药物**： - Omeprazole (as sodium salt) 40mg powder for reconstitution (IV injection over 5 minutes) - Esomeprazole (as sodium) 40mg powder for solution (IV or IV infusion) - Omeprazole 20mg Enteric Coated pellets in capsule 或 Enteric Coated Tablet - **止泻药**： - Diphenoxylate hydrochloride 2.5mg + Atropine sulphate 25mcg Tablet - Glucose anhydrous 13.5g + Sodium Chloride 2.6g + Tri sodium citrate dihydrate 2.9g + Potassium chloride 1.5g (Oral powder) - **慢性腹泻治疗药物**： - Mesalazine enema (suspension 1gm/100ml 或 foam 1gm/application) - Mesalazine 500mg modified release tablet 或 capsule - **缓泻剂**： - Bisacodyl 10mg Suppository (adult) - Bisacodyl 5mg Enteric Coated Tablet - Lactulose 3.1-3.7g/5ml, Syrup - **影响肠道分泌的药物**： - Ursodeoxycholic acid 300mg Tablet 或 Capsule - **直接作用的解痉药**： - Mebeverine hydrochloride 135mg Tablet ### 呼吸系统 (3) - **支气管扩张剂**： - Aminophylline dihydrate 25mg/1ml (10 ml ampoule) IV injection - Salbutamol Nebules (Respirator solution) 0.5% w/v 20ml 或 30ml - Salbutamol (as sulphate) 2mg/5ml Syrup - Salbutamol aerosol (as base) 100mcg/metered inhalation - **抗组胺药**： - Chlorpheniramine maleate 2 mg/5ml Syrup - Chlorpheniramine maleate 4mg Tablet - Diphenhydramine hydrochloride 10mg/ml IM, IV (1ml Ampoule) - **镇咳药**： - Glyceryl guaiacolate 50mg + Chlorpheniramine maleate 1mg + Phenylephrine hydrochloride 2.5mg/5ml Syrup - **其他呼吸系统药物**： - Phospholipids 25 mg (derived from bovine lung lipid extract) Beractant + sodium chloride 9mg in water for injection (single dose vial of 4ml) - Aprepitant 125mg Capsule 或 80mg Capsule (用于恶心和眩晕) ### 中枢神经系统 (4) - **镇静剂和抗焦虑药**： - Chlordiazepoxide 5mg Tablet - Diazepam 5mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule - Diazepam 5mg Tablet - Lorazepam 2mg scored Tablet - **抗精神病药**： - Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 100mg Tablet - Chlorpromazine hydrochloride 25mg/ml (2ml) Ampoule (IV, IM) - Fluphenazine decanoate depot injection 25mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule - Haloperidol 5mg Tablet - Haloperidol 5mg/ml (1ml ampoule) - Olanzapine 5mg Tablet - Risperidone 2mg Tablet - Risperidone liquid oral solution 1mg/ml - Lithium carbonate 400mg controlled release Tablet - **抗抑郁药**： - Amitriptyline hydrochloride 25mg Tablet - Clomipramine hydrochloride 25mg Tablet - Fluoxetine (as hydrochloride) 20mg film coated Tablet 或 capsule - Escitalopram (as oxalate) tablet 10mg - Mirtazapine 30mg Tablet - Carbamazepine 200mg Tablet - Clonazepam 0.5mg Tablet - Gabapentin 300mg Capsule 或 Tablet - Phenobarbitone sodium 200mg/ml (1ml) Ampoule (IM, IV) - Phenobarbitone 15mg Tablet - Phenytoin sodium 50mg/ml (5ml) Ampoule - Sodium valproate 200 mg Tablet 或 (enteric coated) - Sodium valproate (Powder) 400mg Vial with 4ml ampoule water for injection - Sodium valproate solution 200mg/ml Drop - Carbamazepine 100mg/5ml liquid - Topiramate 50mg tablet - **帕金森病药物**： - Levodopa 250mg + Carbidopa (as monohydrate) or (anhydrous) 25mg Tablet - Procyclidine hydrochloride 5mg Tablet - **骨骼肌松弛剂**： - Baclofen 10mg Tablet - **物质依赖治疗药物**： - Acamprosate calcium 333mg tablet - Naltrexone hydrochloride 50mg tablet（仅限于治疗阿片类药物依赖） - **痴呆药物**： - Memantine hydrochloride 10mg Tablet（用于中度和重度痴呆） - **免疫调节剂**： - Fingolimod (as hydrochloride) 0.5 mg capsule（用于感染治疗的第二线药物） ### 抗生素 (5) - **青霉素类**： - Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 500mg Capsule 或 Tablet - Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 250mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (100ml) - Amoxycillin (as sodium) 500mg Vial (IV, IM) - Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 500mg+ Clavulanic acid (as potassium salt) 125mg Tablet (co amoxiclav 500 /125) - Amoxycillin (as trihydrate) 250mg+ Clavulanic acid (as potassium salt) 62.5mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (co amoxiclav 250 /62.5) - Tazobactam (as sodium salt) 500mg + piperacillin (as sodium salt) 4gm IV infusion（需与 EDTA 一起使用） - Flucloxacillin (as sodium) 500mg Vial (IM, IV 等) - **头孢菌素类**： - Cephalexin (as monohydrate) eq. to 500 mg anhydrous (Cephalexin 500 mg) capsule - Cephalexin (as monohydrate) 250mg/5ml Powder for oral suspension (100ml) - Ceftazidime (as pentahydrate) 1g IV Injection + solvent water for injection（需使用碳酸盐或甘氨酸配方）