世界银行-巴基斯坦洪灾六个月后的儿童及其家庭（英）-2023.7-12页_3mb

Floods occurred in Pakistan from June to August 2022, affecting nearly one-third of the country due to heavy monsoon rains. By February 2023, floodwaters had receded in most areas, allowing rebuilding efforts to commence.

Economic losses reached over US$15 billion, and initial estimates showed four million people affected, with the number dropping to one million in February 2023. The 2022 floods had widespread direct and indirect impacts, including loss of homes, incomes, crops, and livestock, as well as disruptions to transportation, health services, and education.

Six months after the floods, economic activity, health, and education indicators showed improvement for most households. However, challenges persist in areas completely flooded, where one-third of households remained in temporary shelters. Key issues include: worsening child mental health, with parents reporting higher rates of sadness and anxiety in children; severe food insecurity, affecting about 75% of families in flooded areas; and ongoing travel disruptions, delaying school attendance and other activities.

Education recovery is underway, with most schools reopening and the share of households reporting school closures decreasing. However, only about 40% of children returned to school; those who did not often faced barriers like increased travel time and economic pressures forcing them to work. Disproportionate impacts were seen based on household education, with less-educated families facing slower recovery in some areas.

Flood relief efforts, including cash transfers from programs like Benazir Income Support Programme, benefited some families, but awareness and aid delivery remained low. Health impacts, such as disease outbreaks from stagnant water, decreased with interventions like mosquito control.

In summary, while recovery is advancing, significant disparities and challenges remain, particularly for children and in severely affected regions, requiring targeted policies to ensure equitable progress.