> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Mobility # Technical Insights October 2025 Features Classification Guideline for Intelligent Cockpit # Preface With the rapid development of automotive electrification and mobile internet in China, intelligent vehicle development is leading the automotive industry into a new era. In recent years, various policies and guidelines have been issued domestically and internationally to support the development of intelligent connected vehicles. Cockpit functionality has emerged as a key focus area for automakers, driving significant R&D investment as manufacturers seek to differentiate products and enhance consumer appeal through feature rich, user-centric in vehicle experiences. As technologies such as artificial intelligence, voice recognition, and multimodal interaction continue to evolve, human-vehicle interaction is becoming increasingly natural and intuitive. This enhanced interaction paradigm not only elevates the overall user experience but also contributes meaningfully to improved driving safety and in-cabin comfort. As the diversity of in cabin connectivity continues to expand, the vehicle is evolving from a traditional mode of transportation into a third space connected with the user's broader digital ecosystem. By enabling seamless integration with smart home systems, mobile devices, and cloud-based services, the intelligent cockpit provides customized information, entertainment, and connected service designed to diverse mobility scenarios and evolving user expectations. Despite the explosion of use cases, the industry still lacks common standards or widely adopted methods to classify the functional domains of intelligent cockpits. Disparate categorization approaches across organizations have resulted in fragmented information and inconsistent terminology, underscoring the need for a standardized, market-aligned classification framework. In response, the China Society of Automotive Engineers, in collaboration with Volkswagen Group (China), and with support from S&P Mobility, has developed the "Features Classification Guidelines of Intelligent Cockpit" (hereafter, 'the Guidelines'). Grounded by the principles of comprehensive coverage, scientific rigor, scalability, and practical applicability, the Guidelines aim to provide industry stakeholders with a structured reference for understanding, evaluating, and deploying intelligent cockpit features and applications in different scenarios. The Guidelines establish a standardized taxonomy and explanatory framework for functions classification of automotive cockpit, supporting product development, data driven decision making, and strategic planning. By building industry consensus around a unified classification system, this initiative aims to deepen insight into emerging technology trends, streamline functional design, and accelerate innovation in the intelligent cockpit domain. # Supporting Entity China Society of Automotive Engineers: Weijie Gong, Xiaolong Li, Huamin Jin, Hao Chen Volkswagen Group (China): Lan Zhang, Wei Wang Chongqing University: Gang Guo, Wenbo Li Tsinghua University: Dongpu Cao S&P Global Mobility: Fanni Li # Table of Contents 1. Overview 4 1.1 Current Status 4 1.2 Significance 8 2. Research Scope 9 3. Classification Methods 10 3.1 Overview of Classification 10 3.2 Classification Principles 12 4.Classification Structure 13 4.1 Classification Framework 13 4.2 Classification Content 15 4.2.1 Safety Functions 15 4.2.2 Interaction 17 4.2.3 Components 19 4.2.4 Services 20 4.2.5 Connectivity 23 4.2.6 Artificial Intelligence (AI) 24 4.2.7 System (Digital Foundation) 26 5. Software defined Vehicle Key Technology Analysis 27 5.1 Core Concepts of Software defined Vehicle(SDV) 28 5.2 Key components of the Digital Foundation 29 5.2.1 Centralized E/E architecture 29 5.2.2 Network Architecture and Data Bandwidth 29 5.2.3 Vehicle Communication Protocols 29 5.2.4 Software Architecture and Function Layers 29 5.2.5 Connectivity 30 5.3 SDV Challenges and Outlook 30 5.3.1 Challenges 30 5.3.2 Prospects 31 6. Cases Studies 33 6.1 Over-the-air updates 33 6.2 Adoption vs Consumer Importance - Analytics Framework 35 6.3 Adoption vs Industry Evaluation - Cross Analysis 36 6.4 AI Applications in Intelligent Cockpit 38 7. Summary 40 # 1 Overview # 1.1 Current Status The integration of emerging technologies with the automotive sector introduces profounds challenges while unlocking transformative opportunities for the next generation mobility. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are already demonstrating measurable benefits to end users—minimizing cognitive load, reducing driving fatigue, and elevating the overall driving experience. Propelled by rapid gains in semiconductor compute, data centric software iteration, and increasingly sophisticated AI, in vehicle systems are delivering steadily greater capability and user perceived value. The industry's feature roadmap has shifted from adding isolated functions to a scenario driven approach—tailoring use case specific enhancements that enrich the mobility experience and elevate consumer expectations for intelligent cockpits. According to a joint consumer insights study conducted by Volkswagen and the China Society of Automotive Engineers (C-SAE), A clear majority of respondents view the rise of intelligent vehicles as a defining industry trend. The results show that Chinese consumers hold especially high expectations for cockpit intelligence and its ability to add convenience and value to daily life: over $80\%$ report moderate to high expectations, and nearly $20\%$ report very high expectations. In response, automakers are accelerating innovation in in vehicle intelligence to meet growing consumer demand and create meaningful differentiation from competitor. According to S&P Mobility, connected vehicles represented $74\%$ of global new vehicle sales in 2024; China outpaced the average at $77\%$ . The 5G equipped connected car share is forecast to increase from $11\%$ in 2024 to $55\%$ by 2030, advancing the global move to high bandwidth, low latency connectivity. China's intelligent connected vehicle market leads internationally on adoption, functional scope, and ecosystem evolution. The market is also witnessing a shift toward continuous software upgrade capabilities enabled through over-the-air (OTA) technology. Post-sale function optimization in China is now common practice, with OEMs delivering periodic OTA updates that enhance vehicle performance, user experience, and feature sets. As of 2024, vehicles with ongoing upgrade capabilities represent $70\%$ of the Chinese new vehicle market—a figure expected to rise to $85\%$ by 2030, reinforcing China's lead in software-defined vehicle readiness. Amid the industry megatrends of electrification, intelligence, and connectivity, the intelligent cockpit has emerged as the central touchpoint of the in-vehicle experience and is advancing into a phase of accelerated transformation. Whether through advancements in hardware integration or proliferation of software driven features and service ecosystems, the cockpit is becoming a scalable, unified digital space. In China in particular, the automotive digital cockpit is increasingly framed as the "third living space" carrying everyday living and productivity into the automotive context. The current trajectory of intelligent cockpit development is marked by several key characteristics: # Cockpit multi-screen integration and multimodal interaction The scope of intelligent cockpits has expanded far beyond traditional information display, evolving into a comprehensive digital experience platform that unifies navigation, media entertainment, climate control, and drive-related data. Large central displays and digital instrument clusters are increasingly becoming standard configurations across vehicle segments, reflecting the shift toward immersive and connected cabin environments. Advanced user experience-related technologies such as panoramic displays, intelligent seat configurations, and ambient lighting controls, all managed through a centralized digital cockpit system for seamless and intuitive user operation. These systems are underpinned by increasingly sophisticated human-machine interaction (HMI) technologies. Voice recognition has significantly improved in accuracy and response time, while touch and gesture-based interfaces continue to evolve, enabling more natural and fluid vehicle control. Together, these innovations create a user-centric interaction model that simplifies command execution and reduces cognitive load. Looking ahead, intelligent cockpits will advance further through multimodal interaction frameworks that combine voice assistants, AI-driven agents, touchscreen inputs, gesture recognition, and eye-tracking technologies. These integrated systems will be essential for delivering intelligent, context-aware interactions and enhancing overall user convenience. # Advanced graphics rendering and immersive in-cabin experience Alongside improvements in user interaction the digital experience within cockpits is undergoing a profound transformation. Advancements in graphical rendering technologies are enabling enhanced lighting effects, realistic texture with details, and smooth visual transitions, powered by high resolution displays and high-performance graphical processors. Immersive systems such as large multi high-definition displays, augmented reality (AR) head-up displays, customizable ambient lighting, and spatialized audio systems are converging to create a highly personalized and engaging in-vehicle environment. These innovations are increasingly recognized as key differentiators for next generation cockpit design. The rise of automotive grade semiconductors with superior computing and graphic rendering capabilities is accelerating this shift, making real-time 3D visualization and multimedia-rich application a reality. For instance, AR navigation overlays real-world road views with dynamic routing and hazard indicators, helping drivers to interpret spatial context and directions more quickly and clearly, thereby enhancing both safety and situational awareness. As computational power continues to scale and immersive UX technologies become more widely adopted, intelligent cockpits are evolving into multifunctional digital spaces- serving not only vehicle function control but also as emotionally resonant environments that redefine the in-car experience. # Integration of cockpit operating systems with external IoT ecosystems Intelligent cockpit operating systems are progressively evolving to support seamless connection with external smart devices such as smartphones, tablets, and wearables. This advancement is driving two major shifts: enhanced continuity between in-vehicle systems and users' personal digital ecosystems, and the emergence of broader cross-device experiences including smart home integration. For example, future in-car entertainment experiences may automatically resume video content from a user's home once the vehicle detects their presence. Similarly, work related functions such as virtual meetings, call notifications, and messaging can be synchronized into the cockpit interface via secure and authorized access, positioning the vehicle as an extension of the user's connected lifestyle. Moreover, the expansion of over-the-air (OTA) update capabilities and feature-on-demand (FoD) services model is enabling the continuous delivery of new applications and connected services. This evolution transforms the cockpit operating system from a core user interface into a strategic platform for OEMs and ecosystem partners to offer differentiated, value-added digital services. # Multi-domain fusion and scenario-based services Automotive system architecture is entering a new phase defined by multi-domain fusion, wherein previously isolated domains—such as the digital cockpit, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), and chassis control, they are now dynamically coordinated through centralized computing platforms or multiple high-performance domain controllers. This architectural evolution enables deeper cross-domain coordination. For example, the integration of intelligent driving and infotainment systems allows more diverse and context-aware automated driving scenarios. Vehicles can also utilize environmental sensing and V2X data to display real-time road and traffic conditions on the cockpit interface, enhancing route planning and offering proactive travel recommendations to both drivers and passengers. By adopting a scenario-driven design approach, automakers can intelligently reconfigure and combine system functions based on user context and intent. This transforms discrete vehicle capabilities into targeted, service-oriented experiences, unlocking greater user value and pave the way for personalized mobility services. # China's leadership in Intelligent Vehicle innovation China has established itself as a global leader in the development of intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs), driven by the rapid development and large-scale deployment of enabling technologies such as 5G communications, artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and big data analytics. Combined with a strong consumer openness to new technologies, this has positioned China as a leading testbed for next-generation vehicle connectivity, intelligence, and user experience. Domestic OEMs have shown unwavering strategic commitment through substantial investments in intelligent cockpit and autonomous driving technologies. Cross-industry collaboration with technology giants and startups have fostered a dynamic innovation ecosystem, accelerating progress of integrated software platforms, advanced hardware architectures, and multimodal interaction capabilities. Chinese automakers are setting global benchmarks in areas such as centralized computing platforms, vehicle operating systems, and AI-driven user experience, consistently delivering first-to-market solutions that influence international standards. Looking ahead, the intelligent cockpit is evolving beyond the vehicle interior into a cross-scenario digital hub, integrating mobility services, entertainment, social interaction and smart home ecosystem. This transformation enables seamless connectivity across human, vehicle and environment interfaces, including vehicle-to-person (V2P), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) applications. China is poised to play a pivotal role in defining global standards, shaping business models, and influencing consumer experiences in the era of intelligent mobility. From a policy perspective, the Chinese government has consistently reinforced its commitment to the Intelligent Connected Vehicle sector. In February 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission introduced the Intelligent Vehicle Innovation Development Strategy, encouraging local governments to craft region specific policies and accelerate strategic implementation. In November 2020, the State Council issued the New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035), which advocates cross-sector collaboration among automotive, energy, transportation, and ICT enterprises to foster diversified production models and expand application scenarios. The convergence of technological innovation, evolving consumer expectations, and supportive regulatory frameworks has accelerated advancements in intelligent vehicle systems and cockpit functionalities. As a result, China's intelligent cockpit market is undergoing rapid transformation, marked new market entrants, continuous product innovation, and restructuring of the industry value chain. While the future of intelligent cockpits offers significant opportunity for differentiation and monetization, it also introduces structural and competitive challenges that OEMs and suppliers must address strategically. # 1.2 Significance The rapid advancement of intelligent automotive cockpits has significantly expanded both the variety and adoption of cockpit-related functions. By the end of September 2024, China's new energy vehicle (NEV) market had introduced 185 new models or series—on average one new model launch every two days, representing 1.5 times increase compared to the same period in 2023. This surge underscores the highly competitive dynamics within China's NEV sector and highlights the accelerating pace of cockpit feature innovation. However, the proliferation of cockpit features across brands and models has introduced notable challenges. OEMs often employ unique naming conventions for similar functions, while the scope and depth of sub-functional coverage varies considerably. These inconsistencies hinder market competition analysis, consumer research, and product evaluation due to the lack of standardized terminology and classification. The absence of a unified framework complicates industry benchmarking and creates friction for consumers, who struggle to compare feature sets across trims and models. To address these challenges, establishing a standardized classification system for intelligent cockpit functions is essential. Such a framework enables consistent observation and comparison of cockpit function development across brands and models, providing a structured lens for industry stakeholders analyzing product evolution, identifying technological trends, and shaping product strategies. For automakers and cockpit system suppliers, this taxonomy supports product lifecycle management, enhances cross-functional coordination, and informs strategic decisions in cockpit application design and service innovation. For consumers, a unified classification standard improves transparency, facilitating informed comparisons and serving as a reference point for evaluating product value and making purchase decisions. Given the current lack of globally recognized methodologies or frameworks for intelligent cockpit function classification, this guideline introduces a foundational approach. It defines a functional classification system tailored to the intelligent cockpit domain and offers recommendations for its application in product development, data analytics, and strategic planning. This initiative aims to establish a shared language and evaluation framework for the intelligent cockpit ecosystem, driving standardization and supporting the continued maturation of this critical domain within the automotive value chain. # 2 Research Scope This guideline presents a structured classification system for the functional domains of intelligent automotive cockpits. It defines and explains key functions and services, offering standardized terminology and illustrative examples. The classification framework is intended for use in passenger vehicles with intelligent cockpit systems, including those featuring in-vehicle infotainment, and serves as a reference for both product development and benchmarking activities. # 3 Classification Methods # 3.1 Overview of Classification Intelligent automotive cockpits encompass a wide range of technologies and use cases, resulting in diverse functions that span human-machine interaction, connected services, and scenario-based applications. These functions can be categorized from multiple perspectives, including technical implementation, physical configuration, and application context. To ensure consistency and comparability, this classification framework aligns with the evaluation methodology outlined in the White Paper on Comprehensive Evaluation of Intelligent Automotive Cockpits. According to the white paper, cockpit evaluation is structured around two primary dimensions: Safety and Intelligence. Secondary evaluation criteria covering human-machine interaction (HMI), connected services, and scenario-based function extensions. Figure 1: Intelligent cockpit capabilities reflected in functional layers Building on this foundation, the classification methodology reorganizes intelligent cockpit functions based on hierarchical evaluation indicators and associated subfunctional logic. The structure consists of four levels: # LEVEL 1 # Classification Functions are grouped according to the fundamental components of the human-machine-environment system (see Figure 2). # LEVEL 2 # Core Functional Domains Primary functions are classified based on key technologies associated with the human-machine-environment. # LEVEL 3 # Business Logic and Technical Classification Within each domain, secondary functions are classified according to application logic and key underlying technologies (e.g., voice interaction, visual processing, connectivity protocols). # LEVEL 4 # Sub-Function Expansion The most detailed layer breaks down Level 3 categories into specific sub-functions, structured by technical characteristics and business logic. Perception Figure 2: Composition elements of human machine environment This multi-tiered classification provides a comprehensive, scalable structure to support intelligent cockpit function mapping, comparative analysis, and product planning across the industry value chain. It serves as a foundational reference for automakers, suppliers, and industry researchers in aligning feature development with user expectations, regulatory requirements, and technological evolution. # 3.2 Classification Principles The classification of intelligent automotive cockpit functions is guided by the following core principles to ensure clarity, consistency, and practical applicability: # Comprehensive Coverage The framework follows the MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) principle, ensuring that all intelligent cockpit functions are fully captured within the top-level classification structure, with no functional omissions. Sub-categories and sub-functions at each hierarchical level are clearly defined and mutually exclusive, eliminating overlap and redundancy. # Practical Usability The framework prioritizes ease of interpretation and application across OEMs, suppliers, and industry stakeholders. Functional modules can be selectively disaggregated, combined, or adapted for specific use cases—such as product planning or competitive benchmarking, without the change of the overall hierarchy and functions. # Future Scalability The system is designed to accommodate emerging technologies and functions. New elements can be integrated into the existing framework based on predefined attributes and classification logic, without altering the primary classification structure. # Scientific Structuring Functional groupings are based on inherent technical characteristics and objective operational logic. The classification hierarchy is designed to reflect functional relevance and system-level architecture, supporting rational segmentation across levels. # 4 Classification Structure # 4.1 Classification Framework The intelligent automotive cockpit function taxonomy is organized into four hierarchical levels, reflecting increasing granularity from primary domains to sub-functional elements. The updated framework reflects the growing complexity of cockpit systems by expanding both scope and depth. # Primary Functions Expanded from five to seven categories, incorporating AI technologies and system-level digital foundations as distinct domains. The seven top-level categories now include: 1. Safety 5. Services 2. Human Interaction 6.AI 3. Hardware Components 7. System / Digital Foundation 4. Connectivity # Secondary Functions Increased from 18 to 25 categories, offering more granular segmentation across domains. # Tertiary Functions Expanded from 85 to 103 function groups, offering deeper coverage of technical and application-level capabilities. Each level maintains a clear hierarchical relationship, enabling structured analysis and systematic mapping of cockpit functionality. Detailed classification information is provided in Section 4.2. This framework supports cross-industry alignment, improves comparability across products and brands, and establishes a strategic foundation for cockpit system development, evaluation, and lifecycle management. Figure 3: Updated Functions Classification # 4.2 Classification Content # 4.2.1 Safety Functions "Safety functions" refer to features designed to protect drivers and passengers, including personal safety, information security, and anti-theft measures. These functions are organized into four secondary categories: # 1. Environmental Perception Functions that provide real time awareness of the vehicle external environment, whether stationary or in motion. Capabilities include capturing and synchronizing external data to deliver a broader and clearer view. When integrated with vehicle components or connected devices, these functions can enable advanced features, such as alerts and warnings for potential hazards. # 2. In Cabin Perception Functions that monitor the driver and passenger behaviors as well as pets within the vehicle. The primary objective is to detect abnormal or unsafe behaviors, reducing the risk of accidents and enhancing overall safety. # 3. Authentication Identity verification mechanisms such as biometric recognition, password validation, digital keys, etc. These functions control vehicle access and can activate personalized profiles or services upon successful authentication. # 4. Network Security Cybersecurity measures that safeguard the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data collected, processed, stored, or transmitted by the cockpit system, ensuring continuous service and maintain system resilient against cyber threats. Table 1: Safety functions classification <table><tr><td>Second level</td><td>Third level</td><td>Description</td><td>Fourth level examples</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9">Environmental Perception</td><td>Dashcam</td><td>Records images, videos and sounds of the driving environment</td><td>Video recording and viewing, event marking, saving, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Parking Safety Monitoring/(sentry mode)</td><td>Perceives threats to the vehicle in a parked state and triggers alarms and dashcam</td><td>Intrusion/collision alarm, video playback, remote access, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Interior Rearview Mirror</td><td>Provides a broader view through real-time videos in the vehicle display, including rearview mirrors.</td><td>Examples include streaming rearview mirror, automatic anti-glare, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Exterior Rearview Mirror</td><td>Provides a broader view through real-time display devices outside the vehicle, including optical rearview mirrors and indirect vision devices.</td><td>Electronic rearview mirror view adjustment, exterior rearview mirror position memory, automatic anti-glare, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Night Vision</td><td>Enhances the driving environment at night or in low light, helping to obtain a clearer view.</td><td>Infrared lighting, danger warning, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>360 Surround View</td><td>Uses multiple cameras installed around the vehicle to simultaneously capture images of the surroundings, then processes and stitches them together to form a 360-degree panoramic view.</td><td>Parking assistance, off-road condition assessment</td></tr><tr><td>Transparent Chassis</td><td>Uses cameras and image processing technology to display real-time conditions under the chassis on the central stack display.</td><td>Off-road driving assistance, parking assistance.</td></tr><tr><td>Exterior sensors</td><td>Sensors installed on the vehicle's exterior to identify road conditions, traffic signs, vehicles, pedestrians and obstacles, perceive the distance to surrounding vehicles; determine vehicle GPS positioning, etc.</td><td>Cameras, Lidars.</td></tr><tr><td>Interior Camera</td><td>Installed inside the vehicle</td><td>Fatigue detection, attention monitoring, left items monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Ultrasonic Sensor</td><td>Ultrasonic sensors for measurement and detection, applied outside intelligent vehicles.</td><td>Parking assistance, interior monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">In cabin perception</td><td>Driver Monitoring</td><td>Uses sensors and monitoring devices to detect the driver's physiological state and behavior, mainly to reduce accidents caused by fatigue driving, distracted driving, and dangerous behavior.</td><td>Attention monitoring, action recognition, health and emotion monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td>Passenger Monitoring</td><td>Monitors and identifies the physiological state and behavior of passengers in the front seat.</td><td>Action recognition, health and emotion monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td>Rear Seat Occupant Monitoring</td><td>Monitors and ensures the behavior and status of rear seat passengers, such as detecting children or pets in the vehicle, or unsafe behavior by rear passengers during driving.</td><td>Child safety seat detection, living being monitoring.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Authentication</td><td>Digital Key</td><td>Lock/Unlock or remote start the vehicle without mechanical key.</td><td>NFC key, UWB key, mobile Bluetooth key</td></tr><tr><td>Facial Recognition</td><td>Identifies passengers by analyzing facial features to provide personalized services.</td><td>Facial recognition login, personalized settings.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Authentication</td><td>Voice Biometrics Recognition</td><td>Verifies the identity of passengers by detecting and comparing voice characteristics to provide personalized services.</td><td>Voice for login in, personalized settings.</td></tr><tr><td>Other Identity Recognition</td><td>Other methods of identity recognition besides the above functions.</td><td>Fingerprint recognition, iris recognition.</td></tr><tr><td>Network Security</td><td>Privacy and Permissions</td><td>Protects the privacy and permissions of data collected by the vehicle (driving behavior, location information, in-vehicle activities, passenger information, etc.) to prevent improper use or potential security threats.</td><td>Anonymized data, strong passwords and authentication, security updates and vulnerability fixes, data encryption.</td></tr></table> # 4.2.2 Interaction "Interaction" refers to all in vehicle modalities through which drivers and passengers communicate and engage with the vehicle across various operational scenarios. These are classified into four secondary levels: graphical interface interaction, voice interaction, gesture interaction, and auditory interaction. Table 2: Interaction classification table <table><tr><td>Second level</td><td>Third level</td><td>Description</td><td>Fourth level examples</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">Graphical Interface</td><td>Vehicle Control</td><td>Interface for vehicle control</td><td>Vehicle control interaction widgets</td></tr><tr><td>Infotainment</td><td>Interface for obtaining or managing information and engaging in infotainment system activities.</td><td>Audio and video playback, games, calendar, weather, message center, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Application Control</td><td>Interface for controlling and setting application access permissions and display settings.</td><td>App store, control panel, app settings, multitasking interaction experience, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Connectivity</td><td>Interface for communication and connectivity-related interactions.</td><td>Phone call, communication and connectivity status in the status bar, etc</td></tr><tr><td>NEV</td><td>Interface for new energy vehicle information</td><td>Battery information, energy flow display, range display, energy consumption display, mileage display, etc</td></tr><tr><td>ADAS</td><td>Graphical elements in the interface related to advanced driver assistance functions.</td><td>3D vehicle model display, vehicle different views, driving information, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Input Method</td><td>Interface for users to input text, commands, or search queries using touch screens or other touch devices in the vehicle.</td><td>Virtual keyboard, handwriting input, predictive text, text input, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Customization</td><td>Interface for customizing the display information and settings</td><td>Display brightness settings, themes, wallpapers, multi-language support, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Graphical Interface</td><td>Functional Layers</td><td>Interface design related to functional interaction layers, page transitions, and layout.</td><td>Interface layout, interaction logic, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Other UI Design</td><td>Other graphical interaction designs are not covered by the above graphical interface.</td><td>Automatic brightness, animations and visual effects, audio effects visualization, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Voice Interaction</td><td>Vehicle Control</td><td>Allows drivers and passengers to use voice commands to control vehicle functions.</td><td>Voice search, voice-controlled navigation, voice commands vehicle control, voice-activated multimedia resources, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Voice Recognition</td><td>Voice Recognition: converts users' spoken language into text or commands, including recognizable languages, wake-up methods, and recognizable command types.</td><td>Dialect recognition, mixed Chinese English recognition, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Voice Settings</td><td>Settings for voice assistants and voice interactions.</td><td>Voice assistant image settings, custom voice wake-up words, voice volume and speed adjustments, voice control settings, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Sound Localization</td><td>Supports sound source localization zones and related settings.</td><td>Four-zone voice detection</td></tr><tr><td>Advanced Functions</td><td>More advanced voice interactions beyond basic functions, including recognition, understanding, and intent prediction, making the voice interaction process more natural and intelligent. Examples include</td><td>Casual conversation, dialogue, speak what you see, interrupt at any time, children's companions, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Gesture Interaction</td><td>Gesture Control</td><td>Controls cockpit functions through gestures, multimodal interactions combined with gesture control.</td><td>Gestures to accept the call, gesture for volume adjustment, gesture settings, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Sound Interaction</td><td>Warning Sounds</td><td>Sound alerts when potential dangers, abnormal situations, or specific information need to be conveyed to the driver, using built-in sensors, software systems, and audio devices.</td><td>Low-speed driving warnings, collision warnings, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Exterior Sound Interaction</td><td>Communicates and interacts with people, other vehicles, or facilities in the external environment using sound speakers.</td><td>External entertainment sounds, etc</td></tr></table> # 4.2.3 Components "Components" refer to all controllable, adjustable physical elements located within the cockpit or integrated into the vehicle. They are classified into two secondary categories based on their technical domain: body components and cockpit interior components. Table 3: Components classification table <table><tr><td>Second level</td><td>Third level</td><td>Description</td><td>Fourth level examples</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">Body Components</td><td>Intelligent Seats</td><td>In addition to basic seat adjustment functions, these seats include features integrated with intelligent technology.</td><td>Seat adjustment, seat memory, seat heating, seat ventilation, seat massage, child seats, seatbelt and airbag settings, special features, and other accessories.</td></tr><tr><td>Air Conditioning</td><td>Besides basic air conditioning adjustment functions, these systems include features integrated with intelligent technology.</td><td>Temperature adjustment, airflow direction adjustment, rear air conditioning adjustment, defrosting and defogging.</td></tr><tr><td>Door Control</td><td>Controls or settings for vehicle doors.</td><td>Trunk control, front and rear door control, automatic door control, charging cover control, trunk memory, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Windows control</td><td>Controls or settings for vehicle windows</td><td>Door window control, sunroof control, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Door Lock</td><td>Controls or vehicle locks, including unlocking and locking logic</td><td>Door lock/unlock, children door lock</td></tr><tr><td>Steering Wheel Control</td><td>Settings related to the steering wheel.</td><td>Steering wheel position memory function, steering force adjustment, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Wipers</td><td>Controls or settings for wipers, including features integrated with technology</td><td>Automatic sensing wipers, wiper heating, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Exterior Lights</td><td>Exterior lights (such as headlights, taillights, turn signals, etc.) can be automatically or semi-automatically adjusted and controlled based on the vehicle's environment, driving status, driving intentions, and traffic conditions, achieving various lighting and signal indication functions.</td><td>Lighting navigation assistance, welcome lighting effects, lighting shows, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Outdoor Storage</td><td>Enhances the convenience and functionality of the vehicle for outdoor use, involving comprehensive facilities and corresponding functions related to refrigeration, item towing.</td><td>Refrigerators, towing mode, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Storage</td><td>A series of facilities and functions related to optimizing the storage, retrieval, and management of items inside the vehicle.</td><td>Heated/cooled cup holders, rear seat trays, glove box function optimization, etc.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Cockpit Interior Components</td><td>Intelligent Interior Lights</td><td>The vehicle's interior lighting system can automatically, flexibly, and diversely adjust and control lighting based on the needs of the occupants, vehicle status, and surrounding environment.</td><td>Ambient lighting, reading lights, dome lights, footwell lights, etc.</td></tr><tr><td>Intelligent Audio system</td><td>The audio system, combined with intelligent technology, provides more intelligent, personalized, and high-quality audio experience for vehicle occupants.</td><td>Volume adjustment, audio effects, audio zones, etc.</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">Cockpit Interior Components</td><td>Display</td><td>Display shows various information to the driver and passengers, enables vehicle function control, and provides entertainment content.</td><td>Central stack display, instrument display, passenger display, head-up displays, AR-HUD, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Vanity Mirrors</td><td>Meet driver and front passengers' need for makeup and grooming.</td><td>Vanity mirrors for the driver and front passenger, vanity mirrors with beauty, sun protection, and lighting functions</td></tr></table> # 4.2.4 Services Services refer to software and services delivered through the cockpit to drivers and passengers. These are categorized into three secondary categories: in-car application ecosystem services, scenario-driven services, and cloud enabled services. Table 4: Services classification table <table><tr><td>Second level</td><td>Third level</td><td>Description</td><td>Fourth level examples</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="8">In Car Apps</td><td>Audio</td><td>Online/Offline music platforms and audio resource from external connected devices provided in the cockpit, along with related settings.</td><td>Audio connection, audio settings, audio applications</td></tr><tr><td>Video</td><td>The video resource playback service of the online/offline video platform and external connected devices provided in the cockpit, as well as related settings, etc</td><td>Video center, video connection, video Settings, video apps, and more</td></tr><tr><td>Navigation</td><td>Different driving modes (manual driving, automated driving combined with different visual effects and voice prompts, help drivers plan routes, navigate, points of interest, provide real-time positioning, traffic and map information, and make relevant settings)</td><td>Map service, address management, high-precision map, route planning, energy planning, navigation setting</td></tr><tr><td>Charging Management</td><td>Manage and set up battery charging and energy utilization for vehicles</td><td>Battery management, energy forecasting and management, charging planning, and more</td></tr><tr><td>Information</td><td>Integrated information in the cockpit</td><td>Calendar, clock, date, schedule management, user manual, web browsing, weather, notifications/message center (message type, message list, etc.), mileage statistics, infotainment storage, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Social Media</td><td>In-car WeChat app integrated into the cockpit</td><td>Voice calls, sending and receiving WeChat, sending location and destination, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Game</td><td>In car games</td><td>A variety of games in various interactive forms such as touch screen, gestures, controllers, steering wheels, XR, etc</td></tr><tr><td>KTV</td><td>KTV apps integrated in the cockpit</td><td>Sound adjustments, multiplayer mode, and more</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7">In Car Apps</td><td>Kids</td><td>Resources for children</td><td>Kid-friendly interface, children's radio, children's games, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Maintenance</td><td>Manage and maintain the vehicle's features</td><td>Vehicle health status inquiry, fault inquiry, remote diagnosis, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Payment</td><td>In-car payment</td><td>Gas payment, parking payment, toll payment, online shopping payment, etc</td></tr><tr><td>App Store</td><td>Provide a platform for users to download, install, and update in-cabin applications</td><td>App installations, app categories, app updates, problem feedback, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Mini Programs</td><td>Mini programs integrated in the cockpit</td><td>Mini programs management</td></tr><tr><td>Other Entertainment</td><td>Entertainment other than the above</td><td>Photo albums, artboards, custom Q&A communities, fitness, and more</td></tr><tr><td>Other Application Ecosystems</td><td>Application ecosystem services other than those listed above</td><td>AR glasses, owner communities, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="9">Scenario-based services</td><td>Pet mode</td><td>When pets stay alone in the car, multiple functions are activated at the same time to ensure their comfort and prevent potential safety hazards</td><td>Air conditioner constant temperature management, turn on external circulation, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Baby mode</td><td>The scene of children as passengers, activating multiple functions at the same time, providing relevant educational and entertainment resources, and preventing potential safety hazards</td><td>Set the maximum speed limit, set the maximum volume, Songs and story resources, etc</td></tr><tr><td>In car office</td><td>In the work-study scenario, multiple activations are made at the same time functions, provide related applications, guarantee comfort and ease of use in this scenario</td><td>Automatic seat adjustment, office learning software, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Driving mode</td><td>Allows the driver to choose different driving settings and modes according to different driving situations and personal preferences, adjusting power, suspension, steering wheel</td><td>Mode options such as Sports Mode, Standard Mode, Economy Mode, Snow Mode, Custom Mode, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Sleep mode</td><td>Scenes of sleeping or napping in the car, activating multiple functions at the same time, providing an environment for rest and relaxation in the car</td><td>Adjust the seat, keep the air conditioner at a constant temperature, wake up at a regular time, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Welcome mode</td><td>When drivers and passengers are about to enter and exit the vehicle, create a ceremonial environment that is easy to get in and out of</td><td>Automatic seat and steering wheel adjustment, welcome lighting and much more personalization</td></tr><tr><td>Custom mode</td><td>Allows the driver to adjust multiple settings in the cabin according to personal preferences and needs, enabling one-button start</td><td>Seat and driving position settings, cabin environment settings, audio and media settings, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Camping mode</td><td>A range of preset combinations of features for camping scenarios.</td><td>Trunk setting, external discharge, automatic power replenishment, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Privacy mode</td><td>The vehicle may restrict or adjust some functions to protect the private information of the occupants from being obtained by the outside world or unauthorized access by other persons in the vehicle.</td><td>Phone privacy, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="5">Scenario-based services</td><td>Car wash mode</td><td>A combination of functions that are pre-set for the vehicle's cleaning needs. It helps users clean the interior of the car more conveniently and efficiently by coordinating multiple systems in the car, such as air conditioning system, ventilation system, water spray system and seat cleaning system, etc., and keeps the interior environment clean and hygienic.</td><td>One-click to turn on car wash, screen cleaning, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Romance mode</td><td>A special function mode that integrates a variety of interior systems to create a romantic atmosphere. It mainly creates a warm, pleasant and emotional environmental experience for the driver and passengers in the car by adjusting the lighting, music, seat position and fragrance system in the car.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cinema mode</td><td>With the help of various hardware and software resources of smart cars, this mode is turned on to create an immersive audio-visual entertainment experience for the occupants in the car</td><td>The front seats can be folded down with one click, combining the projection screen with the theater-like Dynaudio sound, private mode, and movie mode.</td></tr><tr><td>Energy saving mode</td><td>The core goal is to optimize the vehicle's energy consumption and improve energy efficiency to extend the range or reduce energy costs</td><td>Added screen-off mode, support for parking comfort when charging on low battery, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Other modes</td><td>Other scenario modes and proactive scenario-based services. Proactive scenario-based services automatically perceive and identify the current state, understand scenarios, predict intentions, and proactively provide or recommend multiple services and settings</td><td>Active recommendation of scene music, automatic power-saving mode, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3">Cloud Services</td><td>OTA</td><td>Provide remote updates and upgrades to electronic control units or on-board systems in the vehicle via the cloud</td><td>FOTA (SOTA) OTA information and settings</td></tr><tr><td>X-Call</td><td>Assistance is provided through a backend service center</td><td>Emergency calls, roadside assistance, contact customer service, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Account/Personalization</td><td>Set up and manage different account categories, personalized settings under different accounts, distinguish rights and interests, and realize account interoperability between multiple platforms</td><td>Account management, account settings, query account information, etc</td></tr></table> # 4.2.5 Connectivity Connectivity refers to vehicle cockpit exchange data external systems and devices. It is classified into two primary domains: V2X communications and smartphone-vehicle connection. Table 5: Connectivity classification table <table><tr><td>Second level</td><td>Third level</td><td>Description</td><td>Fourth level examples</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="7">V2X</td><td>Remote Control</td><td>Vehicle owner or authorized user to remotely control the vehicle through a mobile application</td><td>Remote lock/unlock, find your car, remote control air conditioning, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Remote Charging</td><td>Remote charging allows car owners to do so via a smartphone app to remotely control the charging of the vehicle</td><td>Remote charging control, set charging time, etc</td></tr><tr><td>In-Car WiFi</td><td>WiFi hotspots, hotspot connection settings</td><td>In Car WiFi /hotspot switch, WiFi settings, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Team Travel</td><td>Group travel features and related settings</td><td>Group travel navigation, team vehicle management, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Smart Home</td><td>Control smart home appliances through vehicles. It allows remotely control vehicle or remotely check vehicle information and vehicle environment information via home devices does not belong to this category and belongs to remote control</td><td>Remotely control smart home appliances such as sweeping robots and home air conditioners</td></tr><tr><td>Plug & Play IoT devices</td><td>Expand the cockpit functionality and experience by connecting other devices</td><td>Smartwatches, Karaoke microphones, etc</td></tr><tr><td>Other V2X</td><td>In addition to the above functions, other connected</td><td>A variety of games in various interactive forms such as touch screen, gestures, controllers, steering wheels, XR, etc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="4">Smartphone Projection</td><td>Phone Projection</td><td>After connecting the mobile phone to the cockpit, the apps in the mobile phone are projected to the vehicle infotainment system. It includes not only a simple phone mirroring function, but also a well-integrated interconnection system that can achieve a high degree of adaptation and seamless integration.</td><td>CarPlay, Android Auto, HiCar</td></tr><tr><td>Bluetooth</td><td>Connect smartphone to the cockpit via Bluetooth pairing. It can synchronize phone calls, contacts, music, etc. to the car.</td><td>Bluetooth phone, Bluetooth music</td></tr><tr><td>Charge your phone</td><td>Wireless charging function and related reminder function</td><td>Wireless charging in the front row, charging status display, wireless charging alerts</td></tr><tr><td>Other Sm