益普索-贫富之间的紧张关系被视为世界各地分裂的一个关键根源（英）-2021-24页_1mb

Summary of "Culture wars around the world: how countries perceive divisions"

Core Content

This document presents findings from a global survey conducted by Ipsos MORI, involving 23,040 adults across 28 countries, from December 2020 to January 2021. The survey explores public perceptions of culture wars and social tensions in various countries, focusing on how people view divisions based on different societal factors.

Main Findings

Political Correctness Perception

• The British public is among the most likely (joint-most) to believe that people are too easily offended.
• Australia and the US also share similar views.
• India, Turkey, and China are more likely to believe that people need to change the way they talk to be more sensitive to others from different backgrounds.
• On average, most countries believe that people need to change their communication to be more sensitive.

Culture War Divisions

• South Africa, India, and the US are the most likely to feel their country is divided by culture wars (58%, 57%, and 57% respectively).
• 32% of Britons believe their country is divided by culture wars, placing them in the bottom half of the survey and in line with the global average (35%).
• Germany and the Netherlands have lower percentages (19% and 21%, respectively).
• In most countries, people are less likely to disagree with the idea of culture wars, with don't know responses being common, indicating this is not a widely recognized concept.

Social Tensions Between Groups

Group	Average Perception (%)
Rich vs Poor	70%
Politics	70%
Social Class	70%
Immigration	70%
Ethnicity	62%
Gender	43%
Education	36%
Religion	57%
Age (Old vs Young)	43%
Metropolitan Elite vs Working People	62%

• Britain is in line with the global average for most of these tensions, except for ethnicity and social class, where it is above the global average.
• South Korea, Chile, and the US have the highest perceived tensions between socially liberal and traditionalist groups.
• Chile and South Korea also have the highest perceived tensions between rich and poor.
• Britain is below average in tensions between rich and poor and social classes, with 66% and 66% respectively.
• Britain is below average in tensions between men and women, with 36% compared to 43% globally.
• India and South Korea are most likely to perceive religious tensions, with 75% and 78% respectively.
• Peru has the highest perceived tension between city and non-city dwellers (66%), while Germany is the lowest (25%).

Key Information

• Political correctness is a contentious issue, with the UK and US being among the most polarized.
• Culture wars are seen as a significant issue in South Africa, India, and the US, but not as much in Brazil and other countries.
• Social tensions are perceived differently across countries, with ethnicity, politics, and social class being the most commonly cited sources of tension.
• Gender and education are perceived as having less tension in the UK compared to other countries.
• Religious tensions are perceived more in South Korea and India than in Sweden or France.
• Urban vs rural divisions are more pronounced in Peru than in Germany.

Technical Note

• The survey was conducted using Ipsos Global Advisor, with weighted samples to reflect demographic profiles.
• Sample sizes varied by country, with most having around 1,000 participants and some 500.
• The Global Country Average is the average of all surveyed countries and is not population-adjusted.
• Some results do not sum to 100% due to rounding, multiple responses, or exclusion of don't know responses.

Researchers and Contact

• Bobby Duffy – Director, The Policy Institute, King's College London
• Gideon Skinner – Research Director, Ipsos MORI
• Rebecca Benson – Research Fellow, The Policy Institute, King's College London
• Glenn Gottfried, Rachel Hesketh, Kirstie Hewlett, George Murkin, and Ben Page are also involved in the study.
• Additional thanks to Alexa Dewar, Jack Summers, Sophie Townend, and Constance Woolen for their contributions.