2025-06-26-世界卫生组织-WHO_Rapid_Risk_Assessment_-_Anthrax,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_and_Uganda_v.1_15页_382kb

Anthrax Outbreak Summary in DRC and Uganda

Overview

This Rapid Risk Assessment analyzes concurrent anthrax outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Uganda (dated May 15, 2025). High national risk is indicated due to severe outbreaks, unsafe practices, and limited response capacities. Regional risk is moderate, with concerns for cross-border transmission, while global risk remains low due to restricted international spread and surveillance.

Epidemiology

• DRC: The outbreak began in March 2025 in North Kivu Province's Virunga National Park, affecting wildlife, livestock, and humans. By May, 17 suspected human cases (one confirmed, one death) and numerous animal deaths occurred. Cases were linked to imported cattle and unsafe handling of carcasses; armed conflict and insecurity hinder response.
• Uganda: Outbreak started in March 2025, with suspected human cases in districts like Bushenyi, Sembabule, and others. By April, 30 suspected cases were reported, confirmed in 15; two deaths linked to meat consumption; cultural beliefs (e.g., witchcraft) delayed reporting.

Risk Factors and Mitigation

• Causes: Transmission from handling infected animals, consuming contaminated meat, environmental spores, vaccination gaps, and climate factors. Cross-border risks include livestock trade and migration.
• Spread: High likelihood in affected areas due to insecurity, weak health systems, and persistent unsafe practices. Mitigation includes vaccination campaigns, enhanced surveillance, and community education.
• Challenges: In DRC, armed conflict, food shortages, and poor access limit interventions. In Uganda, cultural misconceptions and resource gaps impede control.

Immediate Actions and Recommendations

• Monitoring and Support: Continuously monitor outbreaks, strengthen surveillance and laboratory capacities, and provide technical assistance.
• Response Measures: Vaccinate livestock, manage carcasses, engage communities, and facilitate cross-border coordination. WHO supports with case management, infection prevention, and risk communication.
• Ongoing Efforts: Active case finding, livestock vaccination, and addressing vulnerabilities like insecurity and funding shortages.

Context and Capabilities

• DRC and Uganda: National capabilities include coordination and surveillance, but vulnerabilities like insufficient resources, weak systems, and logistical barriers persist. Both countries need improved One Health integration and sustained efforts to control the outbreak.