IRENA-可再生能源电气化_加强马里的医疗服务（英）-2025_55页_2mb

Solar Energy for Healthcare Electrification in Mali

Key Findings

• Energy Access Challenges: 53.3% of health facilities (n=60) in rural areas rely on unreliable electricity sources (diesel generators, solar panels). Frequent outages (12-60/month) affect maternal care, cold chains, and staff comfort.
• Solar PV Systems: Recommended designs range from 4.2 kWp (critical loads) to 90 kWp (entire hospital loads) to power lighting, medical equipment, and refrigeration.
• Costs: Total investment to electrify all health facilities (~1,628 CSCOMs, 61 CSREFs, 6 hospitals) is USD 42.1 million. Payback period of ~6.5 years under optimal diesel consumption (Case 1).

Recommendations

1. Technology Selection:

   • Standardize solar system components (panels, batteries) with national quality guidelines.
   • Use cooling-integrated designs for regions with high heat stress.

2. Programme Design:

   • Phased implementation starting with facilities having robust infrastructure.
   • Integrate energy planning with health sector goals (e.g., national immunization program alignment).

3. Sustainability:

   • Allocate 18-20% of budget for maintenance (O&M costs).
   • Create a dedicated technical audit unit for system monitoring.

System Specifications

• Critical Loads: Minimum 4.2 kWp for maternal care units.
• AC-Free Designs: Exclude air conditioning in rural CSCOMs to reduce costs and complexity.
• Staff Quarters: Support entire loads (USD 1.01k-13.8k) or basic lighting (USD 1.01k) depending on needs.

Solar Cost Estimations

• Critical Load (entire health system): USD 18.4 million
• Full Loads (including AC): USD 42.1 million
• Component Costs: Batteries (Li-ion) account for ~40% of system costs.

Challenges

• Inadequate energy storage capacity leading to frequent outages.
• High upfront costs and limited local technical expertise.

Source: IRENA and SELCO Foundation (2025), Electrification with renewables: Enhancing healthcare delivery in Mali.