撒哈拉以南非洲的生物燃料潜力（英文版）_80页_4mb

Summary of Biofuel Potential in Sub-Saharan Africa

Core Content

This report explores the potential for biofuel development in sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on three key areas: the sustainable collection of agricultural residues, the sustainable intensification of agriculture to increase crop yields, and the reduction of food waste and losses in the food chain. It also discusses the potential of productive forests for bioenergy and the implications for energy security.

Main Approaches to Expanding Biofuel Feedstocks

1. Sustainable Collection of Agricultural Residues:

   • Agricultural residues, such as those from food crops and forest products, can be collected and used for bioenergy.
   • Assuming 25–50% collection of harvest residue and 90% of processing residue, these residues could supply a significant amount of biofuel.
   • Residues used for animal feed are subtracted, leaving the remainder for biofuel.
   • The report provides detailed estimates for five countries: Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa, and Uganda, showing the potential for biofuel in petajoules (PJ).

2. Sustainable Intensification of Agriculture (Higher Crop Yields):

   • Increasing crop yields can reduce the amount of land needed for food production, freeing up land for biofuel crops.
   • The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that yield growth accounts for 80% of food production increases.
   • Closing the yield gap could free up substantial land for bioenergy, with potential biomass and biofuel outputs calculated based on yield improvement.
   • Advanced biofuel from these higher yields could displace a significant portion of current transport fuel use.

3. Reducing Food Waste and Losses in the Food Chain:

   • A large portion of food is lost or wasted during various stages of the food chain, from production to consumption.
   • By reducing these losses, land can be freed up for bioenergy crops.
   • The report estimates the amount of land that could be freed and the corresponding biofuel potential for each country.
   • Applying global best practices in waste reduction could significantly enhance biofuel potential.

4. Productive Forests:

   • Forests in sub-Saharan Africa provide substantial wood and wood-derived charcoal for energy, but much of this is not sustainable.
   • Sustainable bioenergy potential is estimated based on the collection of logging and processing residues.
   • These residues can be converted into energy, with the report providing detailed energy potential values for each country.

Key Information

• Total Biofuel Potential:

  • If all sustainable biomass feedstocks are converted to advanced liquid biofuel at typical efficiencies, they could supply the entire projected transport fuel needs for the five countries.
  • Alternatively, they could supply nearly twice the projected requirements for industrial power and process heat.

• Country-Specific Estimates:

  • Ghana:
    • 25%–50% residue collection: 0.24–0.40 EJ (98–158 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Yield gap closure: 0.24–0.40 EJ (98–158 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Food waste reduction: 0.24–0.40 EJ (98–158 PJ) for biofuel.
  • Mozambique:
    • 25%–50% residue collection: 0.25–0.43 EJ (102–172 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Yield gap closure: 0.25–0.43 EJ (102–172 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Food waste reduction: 0.25–0.43 EJ (102–172 PJ) for biofuel.
  • Nigeria:
    • 25%–50% residue collection: 1.32–2.17 EJ (486–824 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Yield gap closure: 1.24–2.09 EJ (486–824 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Food waste reduction: 1.24–2.09 EJ (486–824 PJ) for biofuel.
  • South Africa:
    • 25%–50% residue collection: 0.38–0.59 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Yield gap closure: 0.39–0.61 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Food waste reduction: 0.39–0.61 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.
  • Uganda:
    • 25%–50% residue collection: 0.39–0.61 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Yield gap closure: 0.39–0.61 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.
    • Food waste reduction: 0.39–0.61 EJ (126–170 PJ) for biofuel.

• Energy Security Implications:

  • Biofuels can contribute to energy security by reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
  • The potential for biofuels is substantial, especially if combined with improved agricultural practices and waste reduction measures.
  • Policies that support efficient logistics, modern farming techniques, and better storage and transportation infrastructure are crucial for realising this potential.

• Technological Readiness:

  • While there is limited technological readiness for advanced biofuel production from lignocellulosic feedstocks, countries like South Africa have significant experience with biofuel synthesis.
  • The adoption of advanced biofuel technologies can be facilitated by learning from existing processes and improving the collection and utilisation of bioenergy feedstocks.

• Policy Options:

  • Sharing best practices in logistics can improve residue collection.
  • Extension services and financial support can help farmers increase yields.
  • Reducing food losses and waste through better handling, storage, and distribution can free up land for bioenergy crops.
  • These measures, combined with the use of mobile technology and improved market access, can incentivise farmers to invest in yield-enhancing practices.

Conclusion

Sub-Saharan Africa has considerable potential for biofuel production through sustainable resource management. By improving agricultural practices, reducing food waste, and utilising residues and forest products, the region can significantly enhance its bioenergy capacity. These efforts, supported by appropriate policies and technologies, can contribute to energy security and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.