2016年-世界发展银行全球_Implementation_of_the_Land_Governance_Assessment_Framework_in_the_Republic_of_Croatia_85页_1mb

Implementation of the Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) in the Republic of Croatia

Core Content

The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) was implemented in the Republic of Croatia by the World Bank and key institutions such as the Ministry of Justice and the State Geodetic Administration. The project, known as the Organized Land (Urečena zemplja) initiative, aimed to evaluate land governance through 117 criteria organized into 27 indicators and 9 modules, with an additional module on Coastal Zone Management. The assessment provided a comprehensive analysis of legal frameworks, policies, and practices related to land governance and led to several key recommendations for improvement.

Main Recommendations

• Align land records with actual situations: Ensure that the cadastre and land register reflect the true status of land and eliminate redundant registers.
• Develop a comprehensive land governance strategy: Create a unified strategy that defines land and housing policies and supports spatial planning for land and sea areas based on sustainable development.
• Implement a unified monitoring system: Establish a monitoring system for the spatial situation within the framework of key registers, enabling data exchange and transparency.
• Improve land resource management: Simplify procedures for public land use and consolidate land management processes.
• Reduce over-regulation: Unify the management of original land data and reduce the number of institutions involved in land governance to improve efficiency and focus on human resource quality.

Key Information

Country Overview

• Geography: Central-European and Mediterranean country, bordering Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Italy.
• Area: 87,661 km² total, with 56,594 km² land and 31,067 km² Adriatic Sea surface.
• Land Ownership: 4.3 million hectares common good, 3.0 million hectares state-owned, 0.013 million hectares owned by local/regional self-government units, and 2.6 million hectares privately owned.
• Population: 4,284,889 (2011 census), with a negative population growth rate.
• Workforce Distribution: 3.9% in primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fisheries), 26.2% in secondary sector (industry, construction, mining), and 69.9% in tertiary sector (services).

Legal and Institutional Framework

• Land Registers: The cadastre is managed by the State Geodetic Administration, while land register entries are handled by municipal courts.
• Public Land: Only land deemed in the public interest can be expropriated, and legal status entries in land registers often do not match the actual situation.
• Land Management: There are multiple institutions involved in land data administration, leading to fragmentation and inefficiency.

Challenges in Land Governance

• Outdated Data: Incomplete and outdated entries in land registers hinder decision-making and effective land management.
• Fragmentation: Land policies and management are fragmented across institutions, with weak coordination and limited data exchange.
• Inefficient Processes: The process of obtaining permits and managing land is slow due to the involvement of numerous institutions and outdated information.
• Legal Complexity: Excessive regulations and legal regimes restrict land ownership and use, requiring simplification and streamlining.

Conclusion

The implementation of LGAF in Croatia revealed critical issues in land governance, including outdated land records, fragmented institutional structures, and inefficient land management practices. The recommendations emphasize the need for a unified land management system, improved data accuracy, and enhanced coordination among institutions. These changes are essential for promoting sustainable development, increasing transparency, and improving the functionality of land governance in the country.