2002年-世界发展银行全球_Tanzania_Pre-Investment_Report_on_Mini_Hydropower_Development___Case_Study_on_the_Muhuwesi_River_228页_9mb

ESMAP Mini Hydropower Development Report for the Muhuwesi River in Tunduru District, Tanzania

Core Content

This report is part of the Joint UNDP/World Bank Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP), a global technical assistance initiative aimed at promoting energy's role in poverty reduction and economic growth in an environmentally responsible manner. It provides a pre-investment study on the Muhuwesi River in the Tunduru District of the Ruvuma Region, Tanzania, focusing on the development of mini hydropower projects.

Purpose

The primary purpose of the study is to explore cost-effective and reliable alternatives for meeting the growing electricity demand in remote regions of Tanzania, particularly in the Kilimanjaro, Kigoma, Rukwa, and Ruvuma regions. The report evaluates the feasibility of mini hydro development as a means to reduce the reliance on expensive and unreliable diesel generators and to support sustainable energy markets and environmental practices.

Key Findings

1. Regional Overview

• The Ruvuma Region is located in the southwestern part of Tanzania, near Lake Nyasa.
• Songaea is the regional capital, and Tunduru is the only other major town.
• The region is remote, with poor road access, especially during the rainy season.
• It is not connected to the national grid, leading to slow economic growth and limited electricity access.
• The economy is based on rainfed agriculture, cashewnut production, and gemstone mining.

2. Current Energy Supply

• The existing energy supply comes from diesel generators.
• There are 15 isolated diesel stations producing about 56 GWh annually.
• 11 diesel stations are connected to the grid, producing 431 GWh annually.
• These systems are costly to operate and maintain, and many have reached the end of their economic life.

3. Study Objectives

• To identify and evaluate potential mini hydro sites in the region.
• To propose a more economical and reliable power supply for Tunduru town.
• To demonstrate the feasibility of a cascade approach to hydropower development.

4. Proposed Project

• The Muhuwesi River is identified as a suitable site for mini hydro development.
• The proposed project is a cascade system designed to meet current and future electricity demands.
• It aims to provide a reliable and low-cost energy source for the Tunduru District, including towns and villages.

Main Views

1. Cost-Effective Design

• The study emphasizes simplified designs and layouts to reduce implementation costs and construction time.
• This is critical in the short term to address immediate power needs.

2. Two Categories of Schemes

• Category 1: Projects that have been previously investigated but not implemented.
  • These require updating planning, layout, and design to improve economic viability.
  • High costs and long construction periods were previously limiting their effectiveness.
• Category 2: Newly identified sites with potential for mini hydro development.
  • These sites are often far from demand centers, with difficult access and unreliable flows.
  • A thorough study of nearby streams and rivers is necessary to identify viable sites.

3. Environmental and Economic Considerations

• The cascade approach is environmentally sustainable and economically viable.
• It allows for phased development, reducing initial capital outlay and aligning with load growth.
• Reliable power supply is expected to stimulate local industries, such as agricultural processing and mining, and improve living standards.

4. Benefits of Electrification

• Electrification is expected to enhance social development, including extended working hours, better education, and improved public health.
• It will support the growth of a regional grid, which can eventually be linked to the national grid.

Key Information

• Project Area: Tunduru District, Ruvuma Region, Tanzania.
• River: Muhuwesi River.
• Study Type: Pre-investment report.
• Funding: Supported by ESMAP, TANESCO, and Swedish Government.
• Key Challenges:
  • High investment costs per kW.
  • Unreliable diesel supply.
  • Long distances between towns and the national grid.
• Proposed Solutions:
  • Cascade mini hydro projects.
  • Improved planning and design to reduce costs.
  • Local grid development using mini hydro on nearby streams.
• Implementation Plan:
  • Construction period: Limited to one or two years.
  • Phased development based on load demand.
  • Costing and economic analysis included in the report.
• Environmental Mitigation:
  • Consideration of sedimentation, flood studies, and impact on local ecosystems.
  • Sensitivity analysis to assess the economic viability under varying conditions.

Conclusion and Recommendations

• The Muhuwesi cascade is economically viable and environmentally sustainable.
• The project layout and design have been revised to minimize costs and shorten construction time.
• The project is recommended for implementation to meet the immediate and future electricity needs of the Tunduru District.
• The report provides a comprehensive analysis of hydrology, geology, civil works, and electromechanical equipment.
• The private sector is encouraged to participate in power generation, using the BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer) model.

Further Information

• The report is part of a series of studies conducted under the ESMAP program.
• It is free technical assistance and includes publications, trainings, and advisory services.
• For more information, visit the ESMAP website or contact via email or mail.

Summary of Key Sections

• Chapter 1: Executive summary, outlining the study objectives, project area, and approach.
• Chapter 2: Overview of the Ruvuma Region and project area, including topography, economy, and energy demand.
• Chapter 3: Review of previous proposals (SWECO) and alternatives.
• Chapter 4: Revised proposals for Tunduru District, including planning, layout, and costing.
• Chapter 5: Topographic features and surveys of the Muhuwesi River.
• Chapter 6: Geological analysis and construction materials.
• Chapter 7: Hydrological data, including flow patterns, flood studies, and rainfall analysis.
• Chapter 8: Power and energy studies, including reservoir characteristics, methodology, and results.
• Chapter 9: Civil works such as access roads, diversion weirs, intake, power house, and tailrace.
• Chapter 10: Electromechanical equipment including turbines, generators, and transformers.
• Chapter 11: Electrical works, including transmission, switchyards, and substations.
• Chapter 12: Implementation costs and economic analysis.
• Chapter 13: Financial and economic feasibility, including sensitivity analysis.
• Chapter 14: Implementation aspects, including schedule, material supply, and organization.
• Chapter 15: Conclusions and recommendations for project development.
• Chapter 16: Photographs, references, and acronyms.

This report serves as a technical and economic basis for the development of mini hydropower in the Tunduru District, with the goal of improving energy access, economic growth, and sustainable development.