2024-12-18-世界卫生组织-Public_health_advice_for_people_recovering_from_or_caring_for_someone_with_mpox_at_home_in_low-resource_settings_6页_155kb

Summary of Public Health Advice for Home Isolation and Care During Mpox in Low-Resource Settings

Core Content

This document provides essential public health guidance for individuals recovering from mpox at home and for caregivers in low-resource settings. It emphasizes the importance of safe home isolation and care to prevent the spread of the virus and support recovery. The advice is based on WHO guidelines and is tailored to the challenges faced in resource-limited environments, such as overcrowding, poor sanitation, and limited access to medical supplies.

Main Points

• Mpox Overview: Mpox is a viral infection that can cause a painful rash, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy, and swollen glands. Most people recover fully, but children, pregnant individuals, and immunocompromised people (especially those with uncontrolled HIV) are at higher risk of severe complications or death.
• Home Isolation and Care:
  • Home isolation is recommended for most individuals, but those at high risk should seek professional medical care.
  • Isolation should continue until all skin lesions have healed and a new layer of skin has formed.
  • Regular communication with a healthcare provider is crucial to monitor symptoms and adjust care as needed.
• Preventing Transmission:
  • Maintain at least 1 metre distance from others.
  • Wear a medical mask or fabric mask and cover visible lesions when near others.
  • Avoid sharing personal items like bedding, towels, or utensils.
  • Clean and disinfect surfaces regularly using soapy water and household bleach (0.05% or 500 ppm).
• Laundry and Waste Disposal:
  • Handle laundry separately, using warm or hot water and detergent.
  • If detergent is unavailable, use warm water and bleach.
  • Avoid shaking contaminated linens; roll them carefully.
  • Dispose of waste in sealed bags, and burn or bury it if centralized collection is not available.
• Self-Care for Individuals with Mpox:
  • Stay hydrated, eat nutritious food, and get enough sleep.
  • Use safe water for drinking, cooking, and hygiene.
  • Avoid scratching lesions or shaving affected areas until fully healed.
  • Keep lesions clean and dry, covering them only when necessary.
  • Use antipyretics and analgesics as advised by a healthcare provider.
• Mental Health Support:
  • Managing mpox can be stressful; engage in relaxing activities and stay connected with others via phone.
  • Wear a mask and cover lesions when near others.
  • Seek support from healthcare providers if needed.
• Caregiver Guidelines:
  • Caregivers should ideally be healthy, vaccinated, or have previously recovered from mpox.
  • Pregnant individuals and those in vulnerable groups should avoid caregiving.
  • Only one person should provide care to minimize exposure.
  • Wear protective gear (mask and gloves) when caring for someone with mpox.
  • Regularly check on the person’s condition and ensure they are eating and drinking adequately.
• Community Support:
  • People who have recovered from mpox can support others in the community but should still take precautions.
  • Encourage open communication and reduce stigma to promote public health and ensure people seek timely care.

Key Information

• Infectious Period: Mpox is contagious until all lesions have healed and a new layer of skin has formed.
• Transmission Routes: Skin-to-skin contact, mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-skin contact, and close face-to-face contact (e.g., talking, breathing) are primary modes of transmission. Surfaces and shared items can also spread the virus if not properly handled.
• Adaptability: The advice should be adapted to local conditions and resources, considering the specific needs and risks of each household.
• Stigma Reduction: It is important to show respect and support to those with mpox, as stigma can hinder public health efforts and prevent individuals from seeking care.

Conclusion

This document is a vital resource for individuals and caregivers in low-resource settings to safely manage mpox at home. It highlights the importance of hygiene, isolation, and mental health support, while also addressing the broader community and public health implications of the disease. Following these guidelines can help reduce the spread of mpox and support a faster, safer recovery for those affected. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and stay updated with the latest WHO recommendations.