2023-06-26-亚开行-重新安置城市人口_学习印度的毕业法（英）_47页_1mb

Resettling Urban Populations

Learning from the Graduation Approach in India

The integration of the Graduation Approach into the Tamil Nadu Inclusive, Resilient, and Sustainable Housing for Urban Poor Sector Project, funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), serves as a model for large-scale urban resettlement. The Graduation Approach—a sequenced intervention spanning social protection, livelihood promotion, financial inclusion, and social empowerment—aims to lift households out of poverty and into sustainable livelihoods.

Project Background:

• The project relocates over 6,000 households from hazard-prone areas to safer locations.
• The Tamil Nadu Urban Housing Development Board (TNUHDB), in collaboration with ADB, BRAC Ultra-Poor Graduation Initiative, and World Vision India, implemented the Graduation Program.
• Key Components:
  • Monthly subsistence allowance and shifting assistance.
  • Livelihood assets (up to ₹50,000) and technical training (up to ₹15,000).
  • Financial inclusion through self-help groups and formal credit access.
  • Social empowerment via resident welfare committees and life skills training.

Challenges:

• The COVID-19 pandemic restricted field operations, necessitating virtual coordination and local partnerships to bridge data gaps.
• Community sensitivities and resistance to relocation required cautious engagement and multiple levels of government approvals.

Lessons Learned:

1. The holistic design of the Graduation Approach addresses long-term welfare by integrating social, economic, and financial support.
2. Effective partnerships with civil society organizations (e.g., BRAC and WVI) enhanced program design through diverse expertise and local knowledge.
3. Tailored assessments and community consultations improved program relevance and inclusivity.
4. Continuous capacity building of the implementing partner (TNUHDB) is critical for the program's success.

Recommendations:

1. Pilot the Graduation Approach in other resettlement and housing projects to enhance outcomes.
2. Strengthen collaboration between government departments and civil society partners.
3. Prioritize community engagement and monitoring for real-time adaptation.
4. Utilize loan-based financing for budgeting and sustainability.

The project provides a replicable framework for future urban resettlement planning, emphasizing comprehensive support to improve the sustainable welfare of relocated populations.