国际能源署-在非洲普及清洁烹饪-进度更新和实施路线图_151页_17mb

Summary of the IEA Report: Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa

Chapter 1: Clean Cooking: State of Play and Recent Progress

• Global Context: Clean cooking access has improved globally, but Africa lags behind. As of 2023, around 960 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa lacked access, up 14 million from 2022.
• Health and Environmental Impact: Traditional cooking contributes to 815,000 premature deaths annually from indoor air pollution and significant deforestation.
• Recent Progress: The 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa secured USD 2.2 billion in commitments, with USD 470 million disbursed by mid-2025.
• Affordability Challenges: At current prices, 600 million people (nearly half) cannot afford clean cooking solutions.
• Key Policies: 73% of the population lives in countries with new clean cooking policies since 2024, including Kenya, Ghana, and Tanzania.

Chapter 2: Outlook for Clean Cooking in Africa

• ACCESS Scenario: A new roadmap to achieve universal access by 2040 requires USD 37 billion in investments, with annual spending averaging USD 2 billion.
• Progress Needed: Current progress requires accelerating to match historical best rates seen in countries like India and Indonesia.
• Energy Demand: By 2040, modern cooking fuels demand will increase sixfold, with LPG and electricity leading the growth.
• Health Benefits: Avoiding 4.7 million premature deaths and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 540 Mt CO₂-eq annually.

Chapter 3: Clean Cooking Infrastructure

• Fuel-Specific Infrastructure:
  • LPG: Requires expanding storage, distribution, and refilling infrastructure; currently 50% of LPG is imported.
  • Electricity: Needs grid expansion and reliability improvements, especially in rural areas.
  • Biomass Stoves: Advanced models (Tier 3+) require local manufacturing hubs and supply chains for pellets.
  • Biogas: Potential is high in countries like Nigeria and Ethiopia, but maintenance and distribution remain challenges.
  • Bioethanol: Volume is rising, with Kenya and Uganda as key markets.
• Key Challenges: Affordability, supply chain fragmentation, and safety concerns for distribution networks.

Chapter 4: Implications and Policy Considerations

• Financing: Investment needs USD 37 billion by 2040; private finance dominates, but concessional support is crucial for frontier markets.
• Affordability Measures: Exemptions from VAT and tariffs, pay-as-you-go models, and targeted subsidies are being piloted.
• Non-Financial Barriers: Usability, cultural fit, and consumer awareness must be addressed through training and behaviour change.
• Workforce Development: Support for local manufacturing and technical training to create over 460,000 jobs by 2040.

The report emphasizes that achieving universal access demands coordinated efforts from governments, industry, and finance stakeholders to balance affordability, energy security, and sustainable industrial growth.