2017年-世界发展银行全球_Economy_Profile_of_Sudan_63页_1mb

Doing Business 2018 Summary: Sudan

Core Content

The Doing Business 2018 report by the World Bank Group evaluates the regulatory environment for businesses in 190 economies, focusing on key areas that affect the ease of doing business. The report provides quantitative indicators to assess the procedures, time, and cost involved in various business-related activities, including starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. It also includes labor market regulation indicators. The report highlights Sudan's performance in these areas, with a focus on the business regulation environment in its largest business city, Khartoum.

Main Topics and Indicators Covered

Key Findings on Sudan

• Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
• Income Category: Lower middle income
• Population: 39,578,828
• GNI Per Capita (US$): 2,140
• City Covered: Khartoum
• Ease of Doing Business Rank: Not explicitly mentioned but implied by DTF score
• Distance to Frontier (DTF) Score: Sudan's DTF score reflects its performance relative to the best practices observed globally.

Starting a Business in Sudan

• Procedures (Men): 10 procedures
• Procedures (Women): 11 procedures (includes obtaining husband's permission)
• Time (Men): 36 days
• Time (Women): 37 days
• Cost (Men): 27.8% of income per capita
• Cost (Women): 27.8% of income per capita
• Paid-in Minimum Capital: 0.0% of income per capita

Key Steps for Starting a Business in Sudan

1. Obtain husband's permission to leave the house (applies to women only)
2. Apply for registration and reserve a company name
3. Notarize the memorandum and articles of association
4. Notify taxation chambers
5. Register with the commercial registry
6. Receive site inspection
7. Apply for a tax identification number (TIN)
8. Register for VAT
9. Register with labor authorities
10. Enroll employees in social security
11. Make a company seal

Notes on Procedures

• Some procedures can be completed online, which reduces time by 0.5 days per procedure.
• The DTF score is the average of component indicators.
• The report assumes no bribes and that all required information is readily available.

Dealing with Construction Permits in Sudan

• Procedures: 15 procedures
• Time: 270 days
• Cost: 2.0% of warehouse value

Key Steps for Construction Permits in Sudan

1. Obtain recent certificate of land ownership
2. Obtain planning permission from the Municipal Authority
3. Obtain project clearance from the Environment and Health Department
4. Obtain project clearance from the Fire Department
5. Obtain temporary building permit from the Local Municipal Authority
6. Pay fee for the building permit application
7. Obtain building permit
8. Receive foundations work inspection
9. Receive random inspection
10. Request and receive final inspection
11. Obtain certificate of conformity
12. Request water and sewage connection
13. Receive water and sewage inspection
14. Obtain water and sewage connection
15. Update land registry records

Notes on Construction Procedures

• The time to complete procedures excludes gathering information.
• Procedures that can be completed online are recorded as 0.5 days.
• The DTF score is based on the average of component indicators.
• The warehouse is valued at 50 times income per capita and has a total constructed area of approximately 1,300.6 square meters.

Quality of Construction Regulations

• Building Quality Control Index (0–15): Sudan scores 10.0, indicating a moderate level of quality control and safety mechanisms.
• Quality of Building Regulations (0–2): Sudan scores 2.0
• Accessibility of Building Laws (0–1): Sudan scores 1.0 (available online and free of charge)
• Clarity of Building Permit Requirements (0–1): Sudan scores 1.0 (requirements are clearly specified)
• Quality Control Before Construction (0–1): Sudan scores 1.0
• Third-Party Verification (0–1): Sudan scores 1.0 (requires licensed architect and engineer)
• Quality Control During Construction (0–3): Sudan scores 2.0
• Inspections During Construction (0–2): Sudan scores 2.0 (includes inspections by in-house engineer, unscheduled inspections, and inspections at various phases)
• Quality Control After Construction (0–3): Sudan scores 3.0

Conclusion

The Doing Business 2018 report provides a comprehensive overview of Sudan's regulatory environment, highlighting the procedures, time, and cost required to start a business and obtain construction permits. Sudan's performance is compared to other economies in Sub-Saharan Africa and OECD high-income countries, with the DTF score serving as a benchmark for regulatory efficiency. While Sudan's regulatory environment is not among the best globally, it reflects ongoing challenges in business and construction regulation, particularly in terms of time and cost. The report underscores the importance of reform in these areas to improve the ease of doing business.