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NATO Defence Expenditure Summary (2012-2019)

Core Content

This document provides an overview of NATO defence expenditure data from 2012 to 2019, with 2018 and 2019 figures being estimates. The data includes both total defence expenditure and its share of GDP, as well as the breakdown of equipment and personnel expenditure. The report highlights the use of 2015 prices and exchange rates for consistency, and notes that NATO aggregates data from new members such as Montenegro, which joined on 5 June 2017.

Key Information

• Data Sources: NATO collects data from its Allies, using current and estimated future figures. It also incorporates economic and demographic data from the European Commission and OECD.
• Expenditure Definitions: Defence expenditure includes payments to meet the needs of armed forces, Allies, and the Alliance. It excludes pensions, which are categorized separately.
• Estimates: Figures for 2018 and 2019 are estimates due to the nature of the data and the timing of GDP updates.
• 2% GDP Target: Some Allies have national laws or political agreements requiring 2% of GDP to be spent on defence. These estimates may change as new GDP data becomes available.
• Montenegro Inclusion: The NATO Europe and Canada aggregate from 2017 includes Montenegro, which became an Ally in 2017.

Main Points

• Defence Expenditure Trends: The report includes several graphs and tables that show trends in defence spending, including annual real changes and the share of GDP.
• Variability in Spending: Different countries show varying trends in their defence spending, with some experiencing significant increases and others decreases.
• Economic Context: The data is adjusted for inflation and exchange rates, ensuring comparability across years and countries.
• Annual Real Change: The annual real change in defence expenditure is provided for each country and region, reflecting adjustments for inflation and currency fluctuations.

Key Tables and Graphs

Table 1: Defence Expenditure (Million National Currency Units)

• This table provides defence expenditure in the currency of each country, with 2018 and 2019 as estimates.
• The United States had the highest expenditure in all years, with a notable increase in 2019.
• Montenegro, a new Ally, shows a steady increase in expenditure.

Table 2: Defence Expenditure (Million US Dollars)

• This table provides expenditure in US dollars, adjusted for 2015 prices and exchange rates.
• It includes data for NATO Europe, North America, and individual countries.
• The NATO Total aggregates show an overall increase from 2012 to 2019.

Table 3: Defence Expenditure as a Share of GDP and Annual Real Change

• This table presents the percentage of GDP spent on defence and the annual real change in expenditure.
• The share of GDP varies significantly among countries, with the United States spending over 4% and smaller countries spending less than 1%.
• The annual real change indicates fluctuations in spending, with some countries experiencing substantial growth or decline.

Conclusion

The report outlines the trends in NATO defence expenditure from 2012 to 2019, highlighting the variability in spending across members and the inclusion of Montenegro as a new Ally. It emphasizes that estimates for 2018 and 2019 may differ from official figures due to data sources and definitions. The data is adjusted for inflation and exchange rates, ensuring consistent comparisons, and shows that while some countries increased their spending, others saw reductions. The 2% GDP target is relevant for several Allies, and the data reflects their progress towards meeting this guideline.