2008-09-16-皮尤-Unfavorable_Views_of_Jews_and_Muslims_on_the_Increase_in_Europe_73页_891kb

Summary

• Unfavorable Views of Jews and Muslims: The 2008 Pew Global Attitudes survey found rising unfavorable opinions of Jews and Muslims in several European countries, including Spain, Russia, Poland, Germany, and France. Views of both increased significantly between 2006 and 2008, with especially notable rises in Spain. Anti-Jewish and anti-Muslim sentiments are strongly correlated (correlation coefficient of 0.80 in Western Europe).

• Demographic Factors: Negative views are higher among older individuals, those with less education, and those holding conservative political views. In three Western European countries (France, Germany, Spain), people aged 50 and older are more likely to hold unfavorable views than younger generations. For instance, in Poland, those under 50 showed significant increases in negativity.

• Changes in Muslim Public Opinion: Support for terrorism and confidence in Osama bin Laden have declined across surveyed Muslim-majority nations. Steep declines in acceptance of suicide bombings were observed, with Turkey showing the largest decrease. Most Muslims expressed concern about Islamic extremism, Sunni-Shia tensions, and the struggle between modernization and fundamentalism, particularly in Turkey, Pakistan, Indonesia, Nigeria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon.

• Views of Religious Groups: Opinions of Jews and Christians have become more negative in parts of the West, while views of Muslims have remained mixed. Attitude salience varies by region: in Latin America, fewer people view Muslims unfavorably, while in Asia, opinions are more negative. The U.S. and Great Britain have the least negative views of Muslims and the most favorable views of Jews.

• Religiosity: In surveyed nations, significant gender gaps exist in the perceived importance of religion, with women more likely than men to view it as very significant. Wealth also plays a role: in poorer countries, religion is viewed more highly than in wealthier nations.

Overall, the report highlights growing ethno-centric and religion-based prejudices in Europe, particularly among specific demographics, despite more moderate views in Muslim-majority countries on issues like terrorism and extremism.