2015-12-14-世界卫生组织-Blueprint_for_R_D_preparedness_and_response_to_public_health_emergencies_due_to_highly_infectious_pathogens_7页_83kb

Workshop Summary: Blueprint for R&D Preparedness and Response to Public Health Emergencies

Background

The workshop was convened on December 8-9, 2015, in Geneva to develop a process for prioritizing pathogens under the WHO's R&D Blueprint. This Blueprint focuses on accelerating research and development for severe emerging diseases with no or insufficient preventive and curative solutions. The aim is to improve preparedness for public health emergencies through better interventions, diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics, fostering collaborative R&D efforts.

Objectives

Participants identified a shortlist of pathogens for urgent R&D attention, developed prioritization tools, and established a methodology to guide future exercises. Key objectives included mapping existing knowledge, identifying gaps, and establishing a roadmap for R&D readiness.

Priority List

• Urgent Action (7 diseases):
  1. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
  2. Filovirus diseases (e.g., Ebola and Marburg)
  3. Highly pathogenic emerging coronaviruses (e.g., MERS-CoV and SARS)
  4. Lassa Fever
  5. Nipah
  6. Rift Valley Fever
  7. Research preparedness for a new disease
• Further Action (3 diseases):
  1. Chikungunya
  2. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
  3. Zika (consideration for reclassification to urgent if evidence emerges)

Rationale for Other Diseases

Diseases like HIV, influenza, and dengue were deferred due to existing control initiatives, extensive R&D pipelines, and funding streams, to avoid diluting resources. Zika was noted for potential public health implications related to congenital abnormalities, which could prompt reevaluation.

Prioritization Elements

Nine factors were used to assess pathogens: human transmissibility, severity or case fatality rate, spillover potential, evolutionary potential, availability of countermeasures, difficulty of detection or control, public health context, potential scope of outbreak, and societal impacts.

Prioritization Process

The process involves three stages: formulation of prioritization elements, weighting based on importance, and assessment of diseases against weighted elements. Best practices include multi-stakeholder panels and systematic evaluation methods.

Future Steps

• Develop a decision tree and prioritization tool based on elements and criteria.
• Design a quantitative weighting methodology by convening a working group.
• Revisit the priority list annually using refined tools.

Annex Highlights

• Best Practices: Drawn from ECDC guidelines, involving expert panels, clear scoring definitions, and validation methods.
• Criteria: Covers agent-based, host-based, clinical, public health, epidemiological, and contextual factors to ensure holistic assessment.