亚开行-蒙古有管理的含水层补给：政策建议和试点应用的经验教训（英）-2023.10-8页_2mb

Summary of ADB Briefs No. 263 on Managed Aquifer Recharge in Mongolia

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) is identified as a viable solution to address Mongolia's heavy reliance on groundwater, driven by increasing water demands and limited natural recharge. The briefing emphasizes that deliberately replenishing aquifers through MAR can mitigate the effects of climate change, such as droughts and dzuds, and reduce land subsidence.

Key findings from pilot projects, particularly the Baganuur project, demonstrate MAR's potential to enhance groundwater resources. However, technical, financial, and institutional constraints exist, including the need for multidisciplinary studies, adequate funding, and streamlined regulatory processes.

The briefing proposes three policy recommendations:

1. Develop a structured approach to MAR implementation at national or local levels, using a bottom-up screening of technical feasibility criteria.
2. Align authorization processes across national and local government levels to ensure clarity and efficiency.
3. Build the capacity of local experts in international MAR practices, including monitoring, modeling, and design.

MAR techniques, such as subsurface injection, surface spreading, and enhanced natural recharge, are discussed, with examples showing their effectiveness in various settings. The Baganuur pilot, which diverts surface water into swales and gravel-filled trenches, successfully captures overland flow during intense rainstorms.

To scale up MAR initiatives, further testing, comprehensive technical investigations, and robust monitoring are recommended. The Windhoek Managed Aquifer Recharge Scheme in Namibia is highlighted as a model for sustainable implementation.

In conclusion, addressing technical, financial, and institutional challenges through structured policies and capacity building will enable the successful expansion of MAR in Mongolia, contributing to water security and improved water governance.