> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Strong cities City attractiveness, office market, HR trends Q4 2025 The office market sentiment, the investment potential of the city and the labour market. knightfrank.com.pl/en/research Poznan # Poznań City area 261.9 sq km Population 716,800 (01.2025, Mobile data) 536,151 (12.2024, GUS) Number of companies 135,737 (05.2025, GUS) Unemployment rate 1.4% (08.2025, GUS) GDP growth 11% GDP per capita PLN 155,265 (GUS) Average salary (gross) PLN 10,100.82 (in the business sector, 05.2025, GUS) # Investment attractiveness Rankings ST PLACE 1 in the category "City of the Year" - CEE Investment Awards 2025. ST PLACE 1 1 in the "Investor-Friendly City" - Prime Property Prize 2025. ST PLACE 1 in the ABSL ranking - attractive location in the city centre. ST PLACE 111111 in the ABSL ranking - cooperation with a local investor service office. D PLACE 111111 in the Business Friendly City category - European Cities and Regions of the Future 2025, fDi Intelligence. # Investment incentives Project Manager - a person dedicated to the project, responsible for the preparation and launch of the investment, cooperation with the investor after the start of the project. Employer branding - organization of press conferences, distribution of materials to local media, through social media and on the website www.poznan.pl. Promotion of the City's real estate at national and international real estate events - MIPIM, Poznan Housing Fair. Supporting real estate investors in talks with offices, departments of the Office, city companies involved in the processes of preparing and implementing investments. Regularly updated database of the City's investment areas at www.poznan.pl. Publication and updating of the City's investment offers in the database of the Polish Investment Cooperation with Special Economic Zones in the context of obtaining government grants. Preparation of sector analyses for the needs of investors. Preparation and promotion of urban real estate offer, including 16 areas, as follows: - 9 residential and/or services development areas, - 1 offer comprising fields for production facilities, warehouses, and storage facilities, with permitted development for services, as well as for services development, and nonpublic car parks - 2 areas for services development or commercial facilities with a sales area of over 2,000 sq m or for production facilities, warehouses, and depots, - 1 plot for services development, production facilities, warehouses and storages - 3 areas for services development. PLACE 111111 Economics category (among Polish cities) - Oxford Economics Global Cities Index PLACE 111111 Smart City Award - cities with over 300,000 inhabitants PLACE 111111 in the ABSL ranking - quality of public transport PLACE 111111 in the ABSL ranking - perception of the general quality of life 1 The only city in Poland listed in the "Forbes" ranking of the 20 best cities for Americans to live, invest and work in Europe 1 Michelin Guide - Poznan restaurant awarded a Michelin star, 15 restaurants with distinction. PEACE 1 in the ranking of best cities to live in Poland - Business Insider Polska # Quality of life in numbers # Improving the quality of life of residents through: - Creating attractive jobs. Companies in the modern services sector such as ROCKWOOL Global Services Center, SOFTSWISS, Miele – among others – are expanding and increasing employment opportunities in the process. - Positive Technologies conference - attracting top employers, creating a strong and active IT community. - Smart City - implementation of new technologies, along with the development of creative entrepreneurship and the startup sector, with an emphasis on education at every level and active support for universities. - The Smart City Poznan application won the Wings of IT in Administration award, in the Tools for communication with citizens category. - Ecology - increasing green areas, creating an improved energy mix using renewable energy sources, modernising the public transport fleet (electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles). A number of programmes are being carried out: "Let's end smog in Poznan", "Keep warm", asbestos removal programme. - Mobility - green transport solutions - car-sharing, scooter-sharing. - Centre project - among other things, revitalisation of the city centre, reduction of car traffic in the city centre. Rich cultural life - numerous festivals, e.g. the world-famous Malta Festival Poznan, some 40 art galleries, 30 museums, 13 cinemas, the philharmonic. - Culinary capital of Poland - around 500 restaurants and bars, offering food from all corners of the world. - OK Poznań - a benefits program for residents. - A rich array of leisure and recreation opportunities - aqua park, ice rinks, artificial ski slope, climbing walls, bowling alleys, lakes, swimming pools, city beaches with numerous attractions for inhabitants and tourists along the Warta River, 10 sports stadiums, over 500 playgrounds, zoo, palm house - the largest in Poland and one of the largest in Europe. - Poznan International Fair - the leading trade fair organiser in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe. Bike paths 351 km Green areas 128.3 sq km RATING AGENCY Fitch Ratings RATING A- # Facts & Figures Number of students 100,000 Number of graduates 24,500 Number of universities 24 Airport - distance to the city centre 7km Airport - number of passengers 3,407,127 (2024) BSS sector - number of centres 168 BSS sector - number of employed 30,500 # Poznań Q1-Q4 2025 Existing stock 678,000 sq m Supply under construction 78,000 sq m Vacancy rate 13.9% New supply 5,000 sq m Take-up 72,000 sq m # Coworking operators in Poznan Business Link | Regus # Standard lease terms in new buildings Service charge PLN/sq m/month 17.00-29.00 Rent-free period 1-1.5 month for each contract year Fit-out budget EUR/sq m 250.00-500.00 Total office stock in Poznaná amounted to 678,000 sq m at the end of 2025, ranking the city sixth among Polish office markets by size. Office demand recorded a slight increase, reaching over 72,000 sq m in 2025, with a notable rise in renegotiations, which accounted for more than $53\%$ of the total transaction volume. # SUPPLY With 678,000 sq m of modern office space, Poznan represents over $5\%$ of Poland's total office stock. Developer activity remains constrained, since the beginning of the year, nearly 5,000 sq m of modern office space has been delivered following the completion of two projects. At the same time, almost 78,000 sq m is currently under construction, the highest volume among Poland's regional cities. The largest ongoing project is AND2, a 40,000 sq m office development by Von der Heyden Group. Scheduled for completion in mid-2027, it is set to become the largest office building in the city upon delivery. # TAKE-UP Demand for office space in Poznan strengthened in 2025, reaching nearly 72,000 sq m and rising by $8\%$ year on year. As a result, the city accounted for $9\%$ of total leasing activity across Poland's regional markets, with demand accelerating toward year-end as over 20,000 sq m of office space was leased in Q4 alone. The structure of demand points to a more cautious and cost-conscious tenant approach. Renegotiations became the dominant transaction type, accounting for $53\%$ of total volume and surpassing new leases for the first time in four years. This shift reflects tenants' growing focus on cost optimization, driven by the high expenses associated with relocation and fit-out. New leases represented $37\%$ of total take-up, while expansions accounted for the remaining $10\%$ , reflecting gradually improving tenant confidence. # VACANCY RATE Poznan continues to record one of the lowest vacancy rates among Poland's regional office markets, standing at $13.9\%$ at the end of Q4 2025. This represents a slight increase of 0.3 pp quarter on quarter and 0.5 pp year on year, despite growth in total take-up. # RENTS At the end of Q4 2025, asking rents in Poznan remained stable, typically ranging between EUR 11.50 and $16.00 / \mathrm{sq~m / month}$ . However, rents for top floors in the most prestigious buildings and locations may significantly exceed this range. Service charges also remained stable, usually ranging from PLN 17.00 to $29.00 / \mathrm{sq~m / month}$ . # Office market in Poland Annual new supply, take-up and vacancy rate in Poznan Take-up structure in Poznan # Michael Page "Salary Guide 2026": Poland's Energy Labour Market Accelerates as Renewables and Offshore Drive Demand for Specialists Energetic transformation is clearly reshaping the landscape of the labour market in Poland. According to the "Salary Guide 2026" published by recruitment firm Michael Page, salary growth in the energy sector is stabilising; however, demand for highly qualified professionals, particularly in renewables, energy storage, and offshore projects, remains exceptionally strong. It continues to be a candidate-driven market, but primarily for individuals with unique technical expertise and proven project experience. The fast-paced development of the energy sector, especially renewable energy sources, is pushing employers to seek candidates with increasingly broad and specialised skill sets. Engineers are in the highest demand, including installation designers, grid connection specialists, automation engineers, and SCADA experts, whose salaries in Warsaw typically range from approximately PLN 14,000-15,000 gross to PLN 19,000-21,000 for senior roles. According to Michael Page's "Salary Guide 2026", grid managers are also highly valued. Due to their critical role in connection processes, they can expect salaries exceeding PLN 20,000, with top-tier compensation reaching PLN 35,000. Developer and project-focused roles are also gaining importance. Land acquisition managers responsible for securing land for renewable investments earn, on average, around PLN 16,000, with experienced specialists reaching PLN 18,000. Wind project developers and renewable energy project managers earn between PLN 19,000 and 25,000, while offshore project roles command significantly higher rates, averaging PLN 31,000, with upper ranges reaching PLN 34,000. Analytical competencies are also becoming increasingly valuable: energy market analysis managers and energy data experts earn between PLN 18,000 and 20,000, supporting companies in forecasting and optimising energy production and demand. # SALARY STABILISATION, BUT TOP SPECIALISTS STILL SET THE TERMS Michael Page's "Salary Guide 2026" indicates clear stabilisation in remuneration across the renewable energy sector. "A few years ago, the market experienced rapid salary increases, and virtually every specialist could expect significant raises. Today, pay levels are levelling out, and companies increasingly prioritise experience and concrete technical competencies rather than potential alone," notes Antoni Komsta, Principal Consultant at Michael Page. Job opportunities remain plentiful, but they are primarily targeted at candidates with experience in both project development and execution. Recruiting offshore wind experts remains particularly challenging, as the pool of professionals with relevant experience is still very limited. "Companies developing offshore projects often lack the time for long onboarding processes and need candidates ready to step into projects immediately. As a result, they are willing to pay a premium for experienced experts. We observed the same dynamic earlier in the photovoltaic sector, where specialists were initially scarce, and the market rewarded them very generously," adds Antoni Komsta. # SOFT SKILLS AND BENEFITS GAIN IMPORTANCE AS SALARY GROWTH SLOWS With salary levels already high, employers increasingly compete for talent not only through pay but also through comprehensive benefits packages. Candidates place strong emphasis on flexible work models, work-life balance, and additional perks. In response, companies are offering subsidies for eco-friendly transport, support for installing home renewable systems, and extensive development programmes. # EDUCATION LAGGING BEHIND THE ENERGY TRANSITION Michael Page experts highlight that one of the sector's key challenges is the skills gap resulting from an education system that has not kept pace with the energy transition. "Polish education and the labour market are not keeping up with the rapid development of renewable energy, particularly offshore. Outside the Tri-City and Szczecin, it is difficult to find universities that genuinely prepare students for work in this sector. Technical universities are only beginning to adapt their programmes to the energy transition, and many curricula still rely on outdated technologies," says Antoni Komsta. EU climate regulations are accelerating the energy transition, creating new investment opportunities and generating additional jobs. At the same time, the shortage of specialists means that some projects are being executed with the support of foreign companies. "The energy transition can therefore be both an opportunity and a risk. Those who remain open to development and acquiring new competencies will benefit. For candidates who remain stuck in old patterns and resist learning, the transition may pose a risk to their position in the labour market," Komsta emphasises. # A CANDIDATE-DRIVEN MARKET - BUT NOT FOR EVERYONE The energy sector remains a candidate-driven market, particularly for individuals with unique technical skills and project experience. For candidates with shorter experience, competition is intensifying, and recruitment processes are becoming more selective. For highly specialised roles, such as substation engineers or power engineering experts, recruitment can take several months and typically concludes with a shortlist of carefully matched candidates. # Contacts in Poland +48225965050 www.KnightFrank.com.pl RESEARCH Dorota Lachowska dorota.lachowska@pl.knightfrank.com VALUATION & ADVISORY Małgorzata Krzystek malgorzata.krzystek@pl.knightfrank.com CEO Charles Taylor charles.taylor@pl.knightfrank.com COMMERCIAL AGENCY T-REP Piotr Kalisz piotr.kalisz@pl.knightfrank.com STRATEGIC CONSULTING EMEA Marta Sobieszczak marta.sobieszczak@pl.knightfrank.com CAPITAL MARKETS Krzysztof Cipiur krzysztof.cipiur@pl.knightfrank.com INDUSTRIAL AGENCY Przemysław Pietak przemyslaw.pietak@pl.knightfrank.com As one of the largest and most experienced research teams operating across Polish commercial real estate markets, Knight Frank Poland provides strategic advice, forecasting and consultancy services to a wide range of commercial clients including developers, investment funds, financial and corporate institutions as well as private individuals. We offer: $\triangleright$ strategic consulting, independent forecasts and analysis adapted to clients' specific requirements, market reports and analysis available to the public, tailored presentations and market reports for clients. Reports are produced on a quarterly basis and cover all sectors of commercial market (office, retail, industrial, hotel) in major Polish cities and regions (Warsaw, Kraków, Łódź, Poznan, Silesia, Tricity, Wroclaw, Lublin, Szczecin) and PRS sector in Poland. Long-term presence in major local markets has allowed our research team to build in-depth expertise of socio-economic factors affecting real estate market in Poland. Report library: # © KNIGHT FRANK SP. z o.o. 2026 This report is published for general information only and not to be relied upon in any way. Although high standards have been used in the preparation of the information, analysis, views and projections presented in this report, no responsibility or liability whatsoever can be accepted by Knight Frank for any loss or damage resultant from any use of, reliance on or reference to the contents of this document. As a general report, this material does not necessarily represent the view of Knight Frank in relation to particular properties or projects. Reproduction of this report in whole or in part is not allowed without prior written approval of Knight Frank to the form and content within which it appears. Substantive preparation: Michal Kusy / Research / Knight Frank Graphic design: Karolina Chodak-Brzozowska / Art Director / PR & Marketing / Knight Frank PARTNER OF THE PUBLICATION: # POZnan* CITY OF POZNAÑ INVESTOR RELATIONS DEPARTMENT ul. Za Bramkaj 1 61-842 Poznan $(+48)$ 618785428 investor@um.poznan.pl Invest in Poznan www.poznan.pl Poznań is one of the most attractive cities for investors in the Central and Eastern European region, repeatedly awarded in prestigious business rankings. The city is developing in a sustainable manner, in line with the smart city idea. In Poznań we create good conditions for investment, but also for living for all residents. We focus on openness and diversity, we care for green areas, a rich cultural and modern public transport. Investors, among others, from the modern services sector and the IT industry choose Poznań due to the availability of qualified workforce - global giants, including: Franklin Templeton, GSK, Miele, Capgemini or Bridgestone SSC are completing in Poznań the most advanced processes. # MichaelPage CONTACT: Antoni Komsta Principal Consultant, Engineering antonikomsta@michaelpage.pl +48 667 995 399 www.michaelpage.pl