2025-06-03-世界卫生组织-Environmental_Health_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_2025_country_profile_4页_266kb

报告摘要

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Summary

Core Content

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a small island nation that faces various public health challenges related to environmental factors, including air pollution, chemical exposure, radiation, biodiversity loss, and occupational health. The summary below provides an overview of the key areas of concern, the extent of the problem, health impacts, and current policies.

Biodiversity

Extent of the Problem

Terrestrial and marine area protected: 0%
Global target: Conserve 30% of land, waters, and seas by 2030.

Health Impact

INSUFFICIENT DATA available on biodiversity-related health impacts.

Policies

National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP): Submitted post-COP15 but not yet implemented.
Actions and Interventions: Limited information available on specific measures.

Chemicals

Extent of the Problem

Mean blood lead level in children under 5 years: 3 μg/dL
International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity score for chemical events: 620% (out of 100%)

Health Impact

Poisoning deaths in 100,000 children under five, per year: <1
Health impact: Minimal reported poisoning deaths, but lead exposure remains a concern.

Policies

Legal limit on lead paint: N/A
Existence of a poison centre: N/A
Minamata Convention on Mercury: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a party to this convention.

Radiation

Extent of the Problem

International Health Regulations (IHR) capacity score for radiation emergencies: 740% (out of 100%)

Health Impact

Deaths per 100,000 people from melanoma and other skin cancers, per year: 3
Number of deaths per 100,000 people from residential radon, per year: <1

Policies

Standards on electromagnetic fields: N/A
Regulation of artificial tanning devices/sun beds: N/A
National radon regulations for dwellings: N/A

References and Data Sources

Air Pollution

WHO global air quality guidelines 2021
WHO SDG Indicator 11.6.2, PM2.5 concentrations; 2019 data
WHO household air pollution data; 2022 data
WHO Air pollution data portal: health impact data for 2019
UNEP 2021: Regulating air quality: the first global assessment of air pollution legislation; 2020 data
WHO Household energy policy repository; updated 2024

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

WHO, UNICEF: Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene; 2022 data
WHO water, sanitation and hygiene: burden of disease, 2019 data
WHO GLAAS 2021/2022 cycle

Climate Change

IEA 2023: Share of modern renewables in total final energy consumption
WHO Health and Climate Change Country Profiles
Honda et al. 2014: Projections for 2050
Kendrovski et al. 2017: Projections for 2050
WHO Health and Climate Change Global Survey, 2021
WHO: Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH): Country Commitments, 2024 update
WHO 2023: Review of health in nationally determined contributions and long-term strategies: health at the heart of the Paris Agreement
ATACH baselines, 2024 data

Biodiversity

World Bank Group, Terrestrial and marine protected areas, 2022 data
World Population Review 2024: Deforestation rates by country
FAO 2020: Global Forest Resources Assessment, 2020 data
CBD Online Reporting Tool 2024, updated 31 December 2024

Chemicals

IHME: Lead exposure estimates, 2023 data
WHO: IHR core capacity scores, 2023 data
WHO: Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings; 2021 data
WHO: Legally binding controls for lead paint, updated 2024
WHO: World directory of poisons centres, updated 2024
UNEP: Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2024 data

Radiation

WHO: IHR core capacity scores, 2023 data
WHO: Deaths from melanoma and other skin cancers, 2021 data
IHME: Deaths from residential radon, 2021 data
WHO: Electromagnetic fields, updated 2018
WHO: Existence of national regulations for sunbeds, updated 2021
WHO: Existence of national radon regulations, 2019 data

Occupational Health

ILOSTAT: Statistics on the informal economy, updated 2024
WHO: Disease burden from long working hours, 2016 data
WHO/IL0: Joint estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury, 2016 data
Pega et al. 2023
WHO: Occupational Burden of Disease Application
WHO: Existence of national policy instruments for occupational health and safety for health workers, 2023 data
ILO ratifications of: C155, C161 and C187, updated 2024

Health Care Facilities

WASH in health care facilities: WHO/UNICEF 2024 data update, special focus on primary health care
Electrification of health-care facilities: WHO database, updated 2023
Country progress tracker: WHO/UNICEF, updated 2023