2025年拉丁美洲和加勒比地区能源转型准备度报告_38页_7mb

Energy Transition Readiness in Latin America and the Caribbean

Core Content

The Energy Transition Readiness Assessment (ETRA) is a collaborative effort between the World Economic Forum and Accenture, aimed at evaluating the readiness of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) to transition to a secure, equitable, and sustainable energy system. The assessment is based on the Energy Transition Index (ETI), which benchmarks 118 countries across 43 indicators, measuring system performance and transition readiness.

LAC is positioned as a region with favorable structural conditions for leading the global energy transition, including:

• Abundant renewable resources (solar, wind, hydropower).
• A strong clean energy base, with renewables contributing 70% of electricity generation and 52.5% from hydropower alone.
• Biofuels are twice as prevalent as the global average in transport.
• The region is a major supplier of critical minerals (e.g., 40% of global copper and 35% of lithium), essential for clean energy technologies.
• Clean energy investment is projected to reach $70 billion in 2025, a 25% increase since 2015.

Despite these advantages, LAC's energy transition progress is uneven, and it lags behind global trends in terms of transition readiness. The region's overall score on the ETI has improved by just 1.2% over the past decade, while the global average has increased by 6.2%. Furthermore, LAC ranks third in system performance but second lowest in transition readiness, with scores declining by 0.8% over the past decade.

Main Points

1. Energy Transition in LAC

• LAC's energy system is among the most clean and sustainable globally, with 80% of countries scoring above the global average for energy sustainability.
• Renewable energy dominates the region's electricity generation, but fossil fuels still play a significant role in transport and heavy industry.
• Energy equity has improved, with access to electricity and clean cooking fuels increasing, but 78 million people still lack access to clean cooking.
• Energy security has plateaued and now falls below the global average, due to high transmission and distribution (T&D) losses and limited system flexibility.

2. Challenges and Structural Barriers

• Fragmented policies and infrastructure bottlenecks hinder progress.
• Fossil fuel subsidies remain a challenge, despite a 42% reduction since 2016.
• Limited innovation and investment in clean technologies and infrastructure.
• High T&D losses (averaging 13.5%) and low clean tech R&D funding limit the scalability of renewable energy.
• Dual energy dependence is common, with many countries exporting fossil fuels while importing refined fuels, exposing them to price volatility.

3. Opportunities for the Region

• Clean hydrogen and fuels, critical minerals, digitalization, and advanced nuclear technologies offer pathways to industrial renewal and energy diversification.
• Regional integration and cooperation are essential to scale success and improve efficiency.
• Private investment is needed to meet the $150 billion annual clean energy investment target by 2030.
• Policy reform and institutional capacity are key to unlocking potential and achieving long-term sustainability.

Key Findings

• System performance in LAC is stable, with strong sustainability scores but limited progress in equity and security.
• Transition readiness is the greatest area for improvement, with scores 31% below the global average.
• Only 26% of LAC countries have advanced simultaneously in equity, security, and sustainability, highlighting institutional and structural disparities.
• Energy security has declined slightly, with T&D losses and import reliance being key issues.
• Affordability remains a challenge, with subsidy reforms and clean tech exports still underdeveloped.

Strategic Goals for the Region

1. Secure, resilient and integrated systems – improving grid reliability and regional interconnections.
2. Diversified, low-carbon energy mix – increasing the share of renewables and reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
3. Future-proof industrial ecosystems – leveraging new technologies such as clean hydrogen and nuclear power.
4. Improved efficiency and productivity – enhancing energy use efficiency and reducing emissions intensity.

The Way Ahead

To achieve transformative impact, LAC must focus on:

• Expanding renewable generation and developing storage solutions.
• Securing universal access to clean cooking fuel.
• Improving grid integration and reducing T&D losses.
• Advancing sustainable biofuels and clean energy technologies.
• Strengthening policy frameworks and regulatory environments.
• Deepening regional integration and collaboration.
• Scaling private investment and fostering innovation.

Conclusion

LAC has the potential to lead the global energy transition, but it must address structural challenges and leverage its natural and institutional advantages. The region needs bold action, collective effort, and strategic investment to align with global trends and achieve a resilient, inclusive, and sustainable energy future.