> **来源：[研报客](https://pc.yanbaoke.cn)** # Summary of Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators 2004–2023 ## Core Content This analytical brief provides an overview of global and regional trends in public agricultural research and development (R&D) from 2004 to 2023. It highlights the growth in the number of researchers and public expenditure on agricultural R&D, emphasizing disparities in investment and capacity across different regions and countries. ## Main Highlights - In 2023, **316,000 full-time equivalent (FTE) researchers** were employed in global public agricultural R&D systems, with **USD 50.4 billion** spent on these systems in constant 2015 purchasing power parities (PPP). - Between 2004 and 2023: - The number of agricultural researchers grew at an **average annual rate of 2.3%**, compared to **1.8%** for expenditure. - **Asia** accounted for **45% of the global researchers** and **48% of the global expenditure**. - **Eight countries** accounted for nearly **half of the global spending**. - Public agricultural R&D expenditure as a share of agricultural value added averaged **1.3%**, with **two-fifths of countries** exceeding **1%**. ## Global Trends - The number of researchers and expenditure on public agricultural R&D increased steadily over the past two decades. - **Three distinct phases** of growth: - **2004–2009**: Slow growth in researchers (0.6% per year) and modest increase in expenditure (0.8% per year). - **2009–2014**: Rapid growth in researchers (3.1% per year) and faster expansion in expenditure (1.7% per year). - **2014–2023**: Sustained but slightly lower growth in researchers (2.9% per year) and accelerated expenditure growth (2.4% per year). ## Regional Analysis ### Researchers - **Asia** had the largest share of researchers (45% in 2023), followed by **Europe (24%)**, **Americas (14%)**, **Africa (13%)**, and **Oceania (3%)**. - **Africa** recorded the fastest growth in researchers (4.4% per year), while **Europe** and the **Americas** showed slower growth (0.6% and 1.3% respectively). - **Subregional Growth**: - **Central Asia**: 8.0% CAGR. - **Eastern Asia**: 3.7% CAGR. - **Southern Asia**: 2.6% CAGR. - **Western Asia**: 4.0% CAGR. - **Eastern Africa**: 5.5% CAGR. - **Western Africa**: 4.8% CAGR. - **Southern Africa**: -0.5% CAGR. ### Expenditure - **Asia** accounted for **48% of global expenditure** in 2023, followed by **Americas (22%)**, **Europe (19.5%)**, **Africa (7.6%)**, and **Oceania (2.6%)**. - **Subregional Expenditure Trends**: - **Central Asia**: 6.8% CAGR. - **Eastern Asia**: 4.4% CAGR. - **Southern Asia**: 4.4% CAGR. - **South-eastern Asia**: 0.8% CAGR. - **Western Asia**: 1.3% CAGR. - **Southern Europe**: -0.6% CAGR. - **Western Europe**: 0.6% CAGR. - **Africa** showed a **marginal decline in expenditure** (-0.2% CAGR) despite a significant increase in researchers. ## Country-Level Analysis ### Researchers - **Top 20 countries** with the most researchers accounted for **68.1% of the global workforce** in 2023. - **Brazil, China, India, and Japan** are among the largest contributors to the global agricultural research workforce. - **Disparities** in the number of researchers per 100,000 agricultural workers are significant, with some high-income countries having **high values** due to a large research system and small agricultural labor force. ### Expenditure - **China** had the highest agricultural R&D expenditure in 2023, followed by **India, USA, and Brazil**. - **Eight countries** accounted for **more than half of the global expenditure**. - **Agricultural R&D intensity** (expenditure as a share of agricultural value added) averaged **1.3%**, with a **median of 0.6%**. - **More than two-fifths of countries** spent over **1%** of agricultural value added on R&D. ## Key Methodological Notes - The data are based on the **FAO Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI)** dataset, which provides **internationally comparable** information on national agricultural research systems. - The brief focuses on **public agricultural R&D**, excluding data from **business enterprises**. - The **Frascati Manual** (OECD, 2015) is used as the basis for R&D classification and measurement. - Researchers are measured in **full-time equivalents (FTEs)** to ensure **comparability**. - Expenditure is reported in **constant 2015 PPP** to account for **price differences**. ## Conclusion Public agricultural R&D has seen consistent growth in both the number of researchers and expenditure over the past two decades, with **Asia** leading in both categories. However, disparities persist across regions and countries, particularly in **Africa** and **Southern Europe**, where **research capacity** and **expenditure growth** differ significantly. Understanding these trends is crucial for **policy and investment decisions** in the agricultural sector.