IEA-电池和电力存储方面的创新：基于专利数据的全球分析（英文）-2020.9-98页_828kb

Summary of Innovation in Batteries and Electricity Storage

Core Content

This report, a joint effort by the European Patent Office (EPO) and the International Energy Agency (IEA), provides a comprehensive analysis of global patent trends in battery and electricity storage technologies. It highlights the rapid pace of innovation in this sector and its critical role in the global transition to clean energy.

Main Views

• Rapid Growth in Innovation: Patent filings in batteries and electricity storage have grown significantly faster than in other technology areas, with an annual growth rate of 14% from 2005 to 2018, compared to an average of 3.5% for all technologies.
• Electricity Storage as a Key Enabler for Energy Transition: The increasing reliance on renewable energy and electric mobility has intensified the need for efficient and affordable electricity storage solutions. This is essential to match supply with demand and support the integration of clean energy into the grid.
• Dominance of Lithium-Ion (Li-ion) Batteries: Li-ion batteries account for 88% of all patenting activity in electricity storage, far surpassing other technologies like electrical, thermal, and mechanical. They are currently the most widely used technology for portable electronics and electric vehicles.
• Global Innovation Landscape: Asia, particularly Japan and the Republic of Korea, leads in battery innovation, while Europe and the United States have also made significant contributions. China has emerged as a major player in recent years.
• Technological Maturity and Industrialisation: The rise in patenting activity in manufacturing and engineering processes indicates the industry's maturity and the importance of efficient industrialisation for mass production.

Key Information

• Patent Filings Growth: In 2018, over 7,000 international patent families (IPFs) were filed for electricity storage, up from 1,029 in 2000.
• Li-ion Battery Dominance: Li-ion accounted for 38% of all battery-related IPFs from 2010 to 2018. Its price has dropped by more than 90% since 1995 for consumer electronics, and by almost 90% for electric vehicles since 2010.
• Market Trends: The demand for electric vehicles and stationary storage is driving innovation. In 2011, electric vehicle patents overtook those for consumer electronics, and stationary storage has seen slower but still notable growth.
• Regional Leadership: Japan leads in battery technology with a strong presence in Li-ion and solid-state batteries. The Republic of Korea and China are also major contributors, especially in Li-ion technologies.
• Cathode Chemistry Innovations: NMC (Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt) has become the most innovative cathode chemistry for Li-ion batteries, surpassing LCO (Lithium Cobalt Oxide) in 2011. NCA (Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminium Oxide) is emerging as a potential alternative, particularly for electric vehicles.
• Solid-State Battery Development: Solid-state electrolytes are being explored as a safer and more stable alternative to traditional liquid or polymer gel electrolytes. Patenting activity in this area has grown by an average of 25% per year since 2010.
• Innovation Ecosystems: While Japan and the Republic of Korea are dominated by large corporations, Europe and the United States show a more diverse innovation ecosystem, with significant contributions from small companies and universities.
• Geographic Distribution: In 2014–2018, Japan accounted for 54% of IPFs in solid-state batteries, while the Republic of Korea and China had smaller shares (12% and 2%, respectively). The EPC contracting states had 12% of IPFs in solid-state batteries, outperforming other regions.
• Revealed Technological Advantage (RTA): The RTA index indicates that Japan and the Republic of Korea are highly specialised in battery technology, while the United States, China, and European countries are less so. Germany, as a European leader, has an RTA of nearly one for 2014–2018, up from 0.7 in 2000–2013.
• Future Prospects: The report underscores the need for continued innovation in battery storage technologies to meet the ambitious targets of the Sustainable Development Scenario, which calls for nearly 10,000 GWh of storage capacity globally by 2040.

Conclusion

The report highlights the critical role of battery and electricity storage innovation in the global shift towards clean energy. With a strong focus on Li-ion technology and its evolving chemistries, it provides a valuable insight into the global innovation race and the countries and companies leading the charge. The collaboration between the EPO and IEA is expected to support better decision-making in the public and private sectors, helping to accelerate the development and deployment of next-generation storage solutions.