2022-07-05-世界卫生组织-Immunization_Turkmenistan_2022_country_profile_17页_360kb

Turkmenistan Immunization Coverage Summary (July 2022)

1. WHO and UNICEF Methodology: Estimates combine nation reports, surveys, administrative data, and empirical evidence. The Grade of Confidence (GoC) varies, sourcing from protocols like those by Burton, Brown, or Milligan. Older methods might use "Grade of Confidence" based on "consistent patterns of results".

2. Interpretation of Codes: Indicates increasing confidence:

   • • Basic support (at least one source).
   • •• Stronger support (more sources confirming).
   • •••Well supported (all three methods combined) (R+, S+, D+).
   • Bar: Standard Estimate support.

3. Recent High Coverage: Periods showing sustained over 98% coverage across many vaccines, reflecting effective programs.

4. Recent Decline/Fluctuation (Example): Noto surprisingly declined from 99% in 2017 to 96% in 2018.

5. Upward Trend: Noto increased from 58% (likely pre-introduction) to 97% in 2018-2021. Top per UNICEF likely refers to recent regulations or recommendations around introduction of vaccines like ≥ HPV or updated schedules, showing progressive efforts.

6. Consistency with Surveys: Data aligns with several rounds of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2010-2016), field-tested denominators. Coverage often achieves 99%, supporting reliable.

7. Ongoing Challenges/Gaps:

   • Many estimates only rely on national data (GoC=R+, R+S-, or single methods), indicating potential for bias.
   • Coverage remains unavailable for vaccines like Hib up to 3 doses (Hib3) and Dose No. 2 MCV (MCV2) may require refill or revision.
   • Rotavirus coverage dropped from higher levels in 2019/2020, possibly influenced by changes in national policy (post-2020 framing) or introduction timing.

8. Future Direction: UCTO projects data collection for Turkmenistan until July 2023. Vaccines like MMR and COVID-19 also require tracking. Consistency across points highlighted a standard framework for coordinating global immunization data gathering across regions, likely referring to UNICEF or WHO global data collection methods.

Disclaimer: Grading reflects data reliability based on empirical support, but unpublished formal recommendations do not confirm systemic validity. Contextual factors and inherent variability must considered, and recent surveys recommended for better accuracy in some years and antigens.