2016年-世界发展银行全球_Climate_Information_Services_Providers_in_Kenya_46页_3mb

Summary of Climate Information Services Providers in Kenya

Core Content

This document provides an in-depth analysis of Climate Information Services (CIS) in Kenya, highlighting their importance in supporting agricultural resilience and decision-making in the face of climate change. It outlines the current landscape of CIS providers, their services, delivery methods, and the challenges they face in terms of scalability and sustainability. The report also emphasizes the need for improved technical and institutional capacity, better coordination, and the establishment of a robust quality management system to enhance the effectiveness of CIS.

Main Findings

Nature of CIS Providers

• Private Sector: 27% of CIS providers are private sector operators.
• Government Agencies: 21% are government agencies.
• NGOs and CBOs: 21% are NGOs and community-based organizations (CBOs).
• Research and Academia: 17% are from research and academic institutions.
• International Organizations: 14% are international organizations.

Sectoral Focus

• Agriculture and Livestock: 83% of CIS providers focus on agriculture and livestock.
• Early Warning Systems: 80% of providers offer early warning systems as a primary service, with many also supporting agricultural activities.
• Agro-Weather Services: 72% provide agro-weather information to support tactical and strategic decision-making.
• Weather Forecasting: 50% of providers engage in weather forecasting.
• Climate Advisories: 41% provide climate advisories for government policies and decision-making.
• Insurance and Transport Safety: 28% service the insurance derivatives and transport safety advisory sectors.

Data Sources and Dissemination

• Data Sources: CIS providers use radar, satellite data, in situ automated weather observations, or a combination.
• Satellite Data: Preferred by major consulting CIS providers.
• In Situ Data: 59% of providers use in situ data from KMD.
• Dissemination Methods:
  • 52% use bulletins and newspapers.
  • 45% use radio broadcasts.
  • 34% use short message services (SMS).
  • 21% use websites.
  • 10% use interactive voice response systems (IVRS).

Business Models and Challenges

• Feedback Mechanisms: 41% of CIS providers use no feedback mechanism, indicating a lack of two-way communication.
• Primary Feedback Methods: SMS, meetings, and call centers are used by 21% of providers.
• Sustainability Issues: Most business models are financially unsustainable and require support from public-private partnerships.
• Infrastructure and Capacity: Limited technical capacity and lack of a framework to evaluate service quality are major constraints.

Key Recommendations

Improve Technical and Institutional Capacity

• Enhance the technical and institutional capabilities of the Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD).
• Develop new, more sustainable business models, including public-private partnerships.
• Invest in staff training and professional development.
• Modernize observation infrastructure and introduce more ground-based remote-sensing systems for improved forecasting.

Enhance Coordination

• Establish a publicly available database of service portfolios to facilitate structured learning and dissemination of best practices.
• Improve coordination between CIS providers to raise public awareness and spur demand for climate information services.

Establish Quality Management System

• Develop a quality management system that defines climate services, sets standards, labels, and validates them.
• Create a technical peer review panel to conduct demand-driven reviews of CIS activities.
• Implement clear quality checks and balances to ensure service effectiveness and relevance.

Foster Co-Development of CIS

• Promote co-development of CIS with end users, using properly downscaled weather forecasts.
• Support transdisciplinary and multidisciplinary research to enhance knowledge integration.
• Encourage user-led approaches and mutual accountability between providers and users.

Create Sustainable Public-Private Partnerships

• Explore new approaches to public-private partnerships to break the cycle of underinvestment and poor service delivery.
• Leverage private sector strengths such as innovative technology and infrastructure development.
• Consider a paradigm shift for KMD into a state enterprise or alternative models.
• Ensure a fundamental transformation in institutional culture and mechanisms for staffing and business practices.

Conclusion

Climate Information Services (CIS) play a critical role in helping Kenyan farmers manage risks and improve decision-making under a changing climate. While there is a growing number of CIS providers, the sector still faces significant challenges in terms of sustainability, scalability, and the effective delivery of services. A coordinated, technically sound, and inclusive approach is necessary to ensure that CIS becomes a vital component of Kenya's agricultural development strategy, contributing to increased productivity and resilience.

Key Acronyms

• CIS: Climate Information Services
• KMD: Kenya Meteorological Department
• NGOs: Non-Governmental Organizations
• CBOs: Community-Based Organizations
• SMS: Short Message Services
• IVRS: Interactive Voice Response Services
• GFCS: Global Framework for Climate Services
• SCF: Seasonal Climate Forecasts
• AWOS: Airport Weather Observing Systems
• AWSs: Automatic Weather Stations

References and Appendices

• Appendix A: List of CIS Providers
• Appendix B: Matrix of CIS Providers and Counties of Presence
• References: Cited at the end of the document for further reading.

This report was developed through a comprehensive mapping exercise of CIS providers in Kenya, involving five key steps, and aims to guide the expansion and improvement of climate information services in the country.